The use of geospatial information and spatial cognition of taxi drivers in Tokyo
The use of geospatial information and spatial cognition of taxi drivers in Tokyo
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DOI：
10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.07.030
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Y. Wakabayashi;Y. Nagami;Shuichi Ito
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Wakabayashi;Y. Nagami;Shuichi Ito
本研究旨在阐明出租车司机地理空间信息的获取和使用过程，重点研究车载导航系统（IVNS）对出租车司机空间认知的影响。为此，我们采访了东京的出租车公司，并对出租车司机和大学生进行了问卷调查，东京60%以上的出租车都配备了IVNS。对出租车公司的采访显示，在东京，有执照的出租车司机要想从事出租车业务，必须通过一系列严格的地理考试，并接受培训，为每家出租车公司的新员工做好准备。在对问卷数据分析的基础上，对出租车司机与大学生的认知地图进行比较，发现出租车司机对相对位置的认知比大学生更准确；然而，在绝对位置知识方面没有发现显著差异。这表明出租车司机通过经验获得的丰富的路线知识影响了认知地图上相对位置的准确性，而不是绝对位置的准确性。此外，出租车司机的职业生涯和IVNS的使用对认知地图的准确性没有显著影响，这表明IVNS可能增强了新手司机的空间知识。
This study aims to clarify the process of taxi drivers’ acquisition and use of geospatial information, focusing on the effects of in-vehicle navigation systems (IVNS) on taxi drivers’ spatial cognition. To that end, we interviewed taxi companies and conducted a questionnaire survey with taxi drivers and university students in Tokyo, where more than 60% of the taxis are equipped with IVNS. The interview with taxi companies revealed that to be engaged in the taxi service, licensed taxi drivers in Tokyo must pass a stringent set of examinations on geography, and undergo training to prepare newcomers at each taxi company. A comparison on cognitive maps of taxi drivers with those of university students, based on the analysis of the questionnaire data, showed that taxi drivers’ knowledge of relative locations was more accurate than that of students; however, no significant difference was found in the knowledge of absolute locations. This indicates that the abundant route knowledge that taxi drivers acquire through experience influences the accuracy of relative locations on cognitive maps rather than of absolute locations. In addition, neither a taxi driver career nor the IVNS usage had any significant effect on the accuracy of cognitive maps, which suggests the possibility that IVNS enhances novice drivers’ spatial knowledge.