Fluctuations in Amplification of Quanta with Application to Maser Amplifiers
Fluctuations in Amplification of Quanta with Application to Maser Amplifiers
复制标题
应用于微波激射放大器的量子放大倍数波动
DOI：
10.1143/jpsj.12.686
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发表时间：
1957
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
C. Townes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Shimoda;H. Takahasi;C. Townes
考虑了量子过程对波的放大和吸收过程中的涨落。假设每个量子产生另一个量子的概率a(每单位时间)，被吸收的概率b，以及假设引入新的量子的概率c，则得到一组微分方程。通过求解这些方程，得到了量子分布概率的完整表达式，以及平均值和分数涨落的表达式。文中给出的公式特别适用于脉泽型放大器，并指出了电磁波放大过程中的某些涨落，这些涨落在其量子特性变得显著时是重要的。这种情况可能发生在微波激射型放大器中，那里的热噪声和外部噪声可能非常小。对于这样的放大器，a与激发分子的数量成正比，而b由与基态分子数量成正比的项加上…
Fluctuations in the amplification and absorption of waves by quantum processes are considered. Assuming for each quantum the probability (per unit time) a of producing another quantum, probability b of being absorbed, and assuming a probability c that a new quantum is introduced, a set of differential equations is obtained. By solving these equations, a complete expression for the probability of distribution of quanta is obtained, as well as expressions for the average values and fractional fluctuation. The expressions developed are applied in particular to maser-type amplifiers, and certain fluctuations in the amplification of electromagnetic waves are pointed out which are important when their quantum character becomes significant. This condition can occur in maser-type amplifiers, where thermal and extraneous noises may be very small. For such an amplifier, a is proportional to the number of excited molecules, whereas b consists of a term proportional to the number of molecules in the ground state plus...