A Meta-Analytic Review of Stand-Alone Interventions to Improve Body Image
A Meta-Analytic Review of Stand-Alone Interventions to Improve Body Image
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0139177
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发表时间：
2015-09-29
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Miles, Eleanor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alleva, Jessica M.;Sheeran, Paschal;Miles, Eleanor
已经开发了许多独立的干预措施来改善身体形象。本综述使用荟萃分析来估计这些干预措施的有效性，并确定导致身体形象改善的具体改变技术。仅关注改善身体形象），（B）使用对照组，（C）将参与者随机分配到条件中，以及（D）至少进行一次身体形象的预测试和一次身体形象的后测试测量。对效应量进行了荟萃分析，并进行了调节剂分析。一个分类法的48个变化技术的干预措施，针对身体形象的开发;所有的干预措施进行编码使用此taxonomy.ResultsThe文献检索确定了62个测试的干预措施（N = 3,846）。干预产生了身体形象的小到中等程度的改善（d（+）= 0.38），美容理想内化的小到中等程度的减少（d（+）= -0.37），以及社会比较倾向的大幅度减少（d（+）= -0.72）。然而，身体意象的效应量因研究内和研究间的偏倚而膨胀，并且是可靠的，但一旦应用偏倚校正，其幅度较小。一旦应用偏倚校正，其他结局的效应量就不再可靠。样本、干预和方法的几个特征调节了干预效果。12个变化技术与身体形象的改善，和三种技术contradictionsThe研究结果表明，干预措施产生的身体形象只有小的改善，并强调需要在这方面的大规模，高质量的试验。审查确定了可用于今后干预措施的有效技术。
ObjectiveNumerous stand-alone interventions to improve body image have been developed. The present review used meta-analysis to estimate the effectiveness of such interventions, and to identify the specific change techniques that lead to improvement in body image.MethodsThe inclusion criteria were that (a) the intervention was stand-alone (i.e., solely focused on improving body image), (b) a control group was used, (c) participants were randomly assigned to conditions, and (d) at least one pretest and one posttest measure of body image was taken. Effect sizes were meta-analysed and moderator analyses were conducted. A taxonomy of 48 change techniques used in interventions targeted at body image was developed; all interventions were coded using this taxonomy.ResultsThe literature search identified 62 tests of interventions (N = 3,846). Interventions produced a small-to-medium improvement in body image (d(+) = 0.38), a small-to-medium reduction in beauty ideal internalisation (d(+) = -0.37), and a large reduction in social comparison tendencies (d(+) = -0.72). However, the effect size for body image was inflated by bias both within and across studies, and was reliable but of small magnitude once corrections for bias were applied. Effect sizes for the other outcomes were no longer reliable once corrections for bias were applied. Several features of the sample, intervention, and methodology moderated intervention effects. Twelve change techniques were associated with improvements in body image, and three techniques were contra-indicated.ConclusionsThe findings show that interventions engender only small improvements in body image, and underline the need for large-scale, high-quality trials in this area. The review identifies effective techniques that could be deployed in future interventions.