Modeling enteric glia development, physiology and disease using human pluripotent stem cells.
Modeling enteric glia development, physiology and disease using human pluripotent stem cells.
复制标题
使用人类多能干细胞模拟肠神经胶质细胞的发育、生理学和疾病。
DOI：
10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137334
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Fattahi,Faranak
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scantlen,MeganD;Majd,Homa;Fattahi,Faranak
肠胶质细胞在胃肠道系统的许多功能中起着不可或缺的作用，但与肠道的其他细胞相比，它们的特征还不是很全面。肠神经胶质细胞是肠神经系统(ENS)中的一种特殊类型的神经胶质细胞，它支持神经元并与肠道的其他细胞如免疫细胞和上皮细胞相互作用。ENS广泛分布在整个胃肠道，使其极难接近和操作。因此，对它的研究仍然非常不足。然而，人们对肠神经细胞的了解比对肠神经胶质细胞的了解要多得多，尽管人类的神经胶质细胞要丰富6倍[1]。在过去的二十年里，我们对肠神经胶质细胞的了解已经大大扩展，它们在肠道中的许多作用已经在其他地方被描述和回顾[2]，[3]，[4]，[5]。虽然该领域已经取得了实质性的进展，但关于肠道神经胶质细胞生物学及其在疾病中的作用，仍有许多悬而未决的问题。由于目前可用的ENS实验模型的技术限制，这些问题中的许多仍然难以解决。在这篇综述中，我们描述了常用的肠胶质细胞模型的优点和局限性，并讨论了人类多能干细胞(HPSC)来源的肠神经胶质细胞模型有助于推动该领域的发展。
Enteric glia play an integral role in many functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) system, but they have not been characterized comprehensively compared to other cells of the gut. Enteric glia are a specialized type of neuroglia in the enteric nervous system (ENS) that support neurons and interact with other cells of the gut such as immune and epithelial cells. The ENS is diffusely spread throughout the GI tract, making it extremely difficult to access and manipulate. As a result, it has remained extremely understudied. Nevertheless, much more is known about enteric neurons than enteric glia despite the glia being 6 times more abundant in humans [1]. In the past two decades, our understanding of enteric glia has greatly expanded and their many roles in the gut have been described and reviewed elsewhere [2], [3], [4], [5]. While the field has made substantial progress, there are still a multitude of open questions about enteric glia biology and their role in disease. Many of these questions have remained intractable due to technical limitations of currently available experimental models of the ENS. In this review, we describe the benefits and limitations of the models commonly used to study enteric glia and discuss the ways in which a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) derived enteric glia model could help advance the field.