A dose-response analysis of the subjective, psychomotor and physiological effects of intravenous morphine in healthy volunteers.
A dose-response analysis of the subjective, psychomotor and physiological effects of intravenous morphine in healthy volunteers.
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静脉注射吗啡对健康志愿者的主观、精神运动和生理影响的剂量反应分析。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
W. Thompson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Zacny;J. Lichtor;D. Flemming;D. Coalson;W. Thompson
本研究的目的是描述吗啡对健康志愿者的主观、精神和生理作用。受试者（10名男性和2名女性）无阿片类药物依赖史，通过使用随机、双盲、交叉设计，在肘前静脉注射0、2.5、5.0或10 mg/70 kg吗啡。在注射前即刻和注射后5小时内评估主观效应、心理表现和生理测量。吗啡增加了戊巴比妥-氯丙嗪-酒精组、安非他明、麦角酸二乙基酰胺和吗啡-苯丙胺组的成瘾研究中心量表评分，降低了苯丙胺组的成瘾研究中心量表评分。还获得了"刺激"、"高"、"镇静"、"滑行或间隔"和"醉酒"的视觉模拟量表评分增加。在阿片类药物形容词检查表上，受试者报告“潮红”、“口干”和“刺痛”的评分增加。"吗啡并没有显著改变药物喜好，但这项措施存在很大的受试者间差异。心理表现的某些方面（反应时间，数字符号替代测试和Maddox翼）受到吗啡的损害，但是，眼手协调没有。吗啡可诱发瞳孔缩小。吗啡的大多数效应是剂量相关的，一些效应在吗啡注射后不久达到峰值（例如，增加刺激和高评级）并逐渐消散，而其他效果直到会话后期才达到峰值（镇静或外隐斜视）。我们的研究结果与其他研究健康志愿者的吗啡效应相当一致，也表明健康志愿者和有阿片类药物依赖史的志愿者之间吗啡效应的特征不同。
The purpose of this study was to characterize the subjective, psychomotor and physiological effects of morphine in healthy volunteers. Subjects (10 males and 2 females) without histories of opiate dependence were injected in an antecubetal vein with 0, 2.5, 5.0 or 10 mg/70 kg of morphine, by using a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design. Subjective effects, psychomotor performance and physiological measures were assessed immediately before the injection and for up to 5 hr afterward. Morphine increased the Pentobarbital-Chlorpromazine-Alcohol Group, Amphetamine, the Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and the Morphine-Benzedrine Group scores and decreased Benzedrine Group scores on the Addiction Research Center Inventory. Increased visual analog scale ratings of "stimulated," "high," "sedated," "coasting or spaced out" and "drunken" were also obtained. On an opiate adjective checklist, subjects reported increased ratings of "flushing," "dry mouth" and "tingling." Drug liking was not significantly altered by morphine, but there was substantial intersubject variability with this measure. Some aspects of psychomotor performance (reaction time, Digit Symbol Substitution Test and Maddox Wing) were impaired by morphine; however, eye-hand coordination was not. Miosis was induced by morphine. Most effects of morphine were dose-related, some effects peaked soon after morphine injection (e.g., increased stimulated and high ratings) and dissipated gradually, whereas other effects did not peak until later into the session (sedation or exophoria). Our results are fairly consistent with other studies examining morphine effects in healthy volunteers, and also indicate that the profile of morphine effects differ between healthy volunteers and those with a history of opiate dependence.