Single-stranded DNA orchestrates an ATM-to-ATR switch at DNA breaks.
Single-stranded DNA orchestrates an ATM-to-ATR switch at DNA breaks.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2009.01.024
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发表时间:
2009-03-13
期刊:
影响因子:
16
通讯作者:
Zou, Lee
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shiotani, Bunsyo;Zou, Lee
ATM and ATR are two master checkpoint kinases activated by double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs). ATM is critical for the initial response and the subsequent ATR activation. Here, we show that ATR activation is coupled with loss of ATM activation, an unexpected ATM-to-ATR switch during the biphasic DSB response. ATM is activated by DSBs with blunts ends or short single-strand overhangs (SSOs). Surprisingly, the activation of ATM in the presence of SSOs, like that of ATR, relies on single- and double-stranded DNA junctions. In a length-dependent manner, SSOs attenuate ATM activation and potentiate ATR activation through a swap of DNA damage sensors. Progressive resection of DSBs directly promotes the ATM-to-ATR switch in vitro. In cells, the ATM-to-ATR switch is driven by both ATM and the nucleases participating in DSB resection. Thus, single-stranded DNA orchestrates ATM and ATR to function orderly and reciprocally in two distinct phases of DSB response.
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