Single-stranded DNA orchestrates an ATM-to-ATR switch at DNA breaks.

Single-stranded DNA orchestrates an ATM-to-ATR switch at DNA breaks.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2009.01.024
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发表时间:
2009-03-13
期刊:
影响因子:
16
通讯作者:
Zou, Lee
Zou, Lee
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shiotani, Bunsyo;Zou, Lee

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ATM和ATR是由双链DNA断裂(DSB)激活的两种主要检查点激酶。ATM对于初始反应和随后的ATR激活至关重要。在这里,我们表明,ATR激活与ATM激活的损失,一个意想不到的ATM到ATR开关在双相DSB反应。ATM被具有平末端或短单链突出端(SSO)的DSB激活。令人惊讶的是,在SSO的存在下,ATM的激活,像ATR一样,依赖于单链和双链DNA连接。SSO以长度依赖的方式通过DNA损伤传感器的交换减弱ATM激活并增强ATR激活。DSB的进行性切除直接促进体外ATM到ATR的转换。在细胞中,ATM到ATR的转换由ATM和参与DSB切除的核酸酶两者驱动。因此,单链DNA协调ATM和ATR在DSB反应的两个不同阶段有序地发挥作用。
ATM and ATR are two master checkpoint kinases activated by double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs). ATM is critical for the initial response and the subsequent ATR activation. Here, we show that ATR activation is coupled with loss of ATM activation, an unexpected ATM-to-ATR switch during the biphasic DSB response. ATM is activated by DSBs with blunts ends or short single-strand overhangs (SSOs). Surprisingly, the activation of ATM in the presence of SSOs, like that of ATR, relies on single- and double-stranded DNA junctions. In a length-dependent manner, SSOs attenuate ATM activation and potentiate ATR activation through a swap of DNA damage sensors. Progressive resection of DSBs directly promotes the ATM-to-ATR switch in vitro. In cells, the ATM-to-ATR switch is driven by both ATM and the nucleases participating in DSB resection. Thus, single-stranded DNA orchestrates ATM and ATR to function orderly and reciprocally in two distinct phases of DSB response.
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