Leaf xeromorphy as related to physiological and structural influences
Leaf xeromorphy as related to physiological and structural influences
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02869988
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发表时间：
1950-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. M. Shields
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. M. Shields
马克西莫夫的杰作《植物与水的关系》（The Plant in Relation to Water）的大部分是基于原始研究和450多篇参考文献，于1925年出版。虽然最近很少有研究人员考虑抗旱性和旱生性的具体问题，但一些重要的贡献澄清了25年前未被理解的早期观察结果。白色的工作根压力（1938年）揭示了为什么水在一个方向通过植物细胞。Turrell对旱生植物内部暴露的叶表面的测量（1936）解释了Maximov的观察，即在足够的水分存在下，旱生植物的蒸腾作用高于中生植物的蒸腾作用。Boon-Long（1941）解释了高渗透压通过降低细胞渗透性来延缓水分流失的作用。Popp（1926）、Shirley（1929）和Turrell（1940 a，B）对光照强度对叶片形态的影响进行了严格的评价。Wylie对中生和热带双子叶植物的叶结构的研究（1939，1943，1946）提出了类似的问题，即旱生叶的转移和对比表面积-体积关系。Mothes（1931，1932）发现氮缺乏对旱生性的影响。其他的矿物质营养研究表明，一种元素的缺乏或过量对水的关系和结构变化的影响（Prianischnikov，1928年，1935年; Lundegardh，1932年; Hoagland和Broyer，1943年等）。Hoagland和Broyer（1936）确定了这些元素的吸收机制，这些元素对植物的许多部分的结构产生了重大影响。
The greater part of Maximov's masterpiece, The Plant in Relation to Water, based on original research and on more than 450 references, was ready for the press in 1925. While few investigators have recently considered the specific problems of drought resistance and xeromorphy, several significant contributions clarify earlier observations which were not understood 25 years ago. White's work on root pressure (1938) revealed why water moves in one direction through plant cells. Turrell's measurements of internally exposed leaf surface in xerophytes (1936) explained Maximov's observation that in the presence of adequate moisture transpiration is higher in xeromorphic than in mesomorphic leaves. Boon-Long (1941) interpreted the effect of high osmotic pressure in retarding water loss through decreasing cell permeability. Popp (1926), Shirley (1929) and Turrell (1940a, b) evaluated critically the influence of light intensity on leaf morphology. Wylie's studies of leaf structure in mesophytic and tropical dicotyledons (1939, 1943, 1946) suggest similar problems of transfer and contrasting surface-volume relationships in xeromorphic leaves. Mothes (1931, 1932) detected the effect of a nitrogen deficiency in contributing to xeromorphy. Other investigations of mineral nutrition have shown the effects of a deficiency or an excess of an element on water relations and structural modifications (Prianischnikov, 1928, 1935; Lundegardh, 1932; Hoagland and Broyer, 1943, et al.). Hoagland and Broyer (1936) determined the mechanism of absorption of these elements which so significantly affect the structure of many plant parts.