LIMITING SIMILARITY CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE OF COEXISTING SPECIES
LIMITING SIMILARITY CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE OF COEXISTING SPECIES
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DOI：
10.1086/282505
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发表时间：
1967-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
LEVINS, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MACARTHUR R;LEVINS, R
如果一组物种中的任何一个能够成功侵入其他物种在其不存在时形成的平衡群落，那么它们就可以共存。当环境对所有物种的承载能力相同时，共存的物种数量最多。给出了物种间竞争系数的表达式。对于单个对来说，当该系数小于 1 时，共存是可能的。对于线性生态位，竞争系数之和可能超过 1.09，并且包装可能会随着生态位尺寸的增加而增加，因为给定物种的竞争者彼此之间的竞争也更加激烈。竞争系数与生态位之间的距离和生态位宽度有关，因此共存物种的数量与环境范围除以生态位宽度成正比。进入松散的生态位空间的新物种将被其最接近的竞争对手取代，但如果群落紧密排列，它将向已经存在的物种之一进化。
A set of species can coexist if any one of them can invade successfully the equilibrium community formed by the others in its absence. The number of species coexisting is greatest when the carrying capacity of the environment is the same for all of them. An expression is given for the coefficient of competition between species. For a single pair, coexistence is possible when this coefficient is less than 1. For a linear niche the sum of the coefficients of competition may exceed 1.09, and packing may increase as the niche dimension increases because the competitors of a given species also compete more with each other. The coefficient of competition is related to the distance between niches and the niche breadth, so that the number of coexisting species is proportional to the environmental range divided by the niche breadth. A new species entering a loosely packed niche space will be displaced from its nearest competitors, but if the community is tightly packed it will evolve toward one of the species already present.