Thermobarometry of CO2-rich, silica-undersaturated melts constrains cratonic lithosphere thinning through time in areas of kimberlitic magmatism

Thermobarometry of CO2-rich, silica-undersaturated melts constrains cratonic lithosphere thinning through time in areas of kimberlitic magmatism
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富含二氧化碳、二氧化硅不饱和熔体的温压测量限制了金伯利岩岩浆作用区域克拉通岩石圈随时间的减薄

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116549
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Dasgupta, Rajdeep
Dasgupta, Rajdeep
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sun, Chenguang;Dasgupta, Rajdeep

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人们认为,超声波岩石圈在数十亿年的时间里具有化学浮力和机械抵抗力。然而,在某些太古代地体中缺乏克拉通根,这让人们对克拉通在全球范围内的稳定性和寿命产生了怀疑。贫硅金伯利岩熔体作为古大陆特有的幔源熔体,是研究岩石圈厚度变化和影响岩石圈根的过程的理想工具。然而,没有可靠的温压计存在的日期强烈的二氧化硅不饱和,幔源熔体。在这里,我们开发了一个新的温压计的硅贫,富CO2熔体使用高温,高压的实验数据。我们的气压计校准的基础上,一个新的观察的压力依赖性变化的部分熔体中饱和的石榴石和橄榄石,而我们的温度计校准的基础上,众所周知的橄榄石熔体镁交换。对于天然岩浆的应用,我们还建立了一个校正方案,以估计其原始熔体组成的液体为基础的温压计应用于估计的原始熔体组成的全球金伯利岩数据集,我们表明,原始金伯利岩熔体和地幔橄榄岩之间的平衡深度表明,在过去的2002 Gyr全球岩石圈厚度的下降高达150公里。连同全球金伯利岩频率和冷俯冲通量之间的时间耦合,因为2002年前,我们的研究结果意味着岩石圈减薄和供应的碳酸盐海洋地壳深俯冲增强富CO2熔体之间的因果关系。当这些熔体在岩石圈根部冬眠时,它们通过化学交代作用和流变作用削弱了坚硬的岩石圈,从而通过环境地幔中的对流去除或地幔柱活动期间的热岩浆侵蚀促进了破坏。
Cratonic lithosphere is believed to have been chemically buoyant and mechanically resistant to destruction over billions of years. Yet the absence of cratonic roots at some Archean terrains casts doubt on the craton stability and longevity on a global scale. As unique mantle-derived melts at ancient continents, silica-poor, kimberlitic melts are ideal tools to constrain the temporal variation of lithosphere thickness and the processes affecting the lithosphere root. However, no reliable thermobarometer exists to date for strongly silica-undersaturated, mantle-derived melts. Here we develop a new thermobarometer for silica-poor, CO2-rich melts using high-temperature, high-pressure experimental data. Our barometer is calibrated based on a new observation of pressure-dependent variation of Al2O3in partial melts saturated with garnet and olivine, while our thermometer is calibrated based on the well-known olivine-melt Mg-exchange. For applications to natural magmas, we also establish a correction scheme to estimate their primary melt compositions.Applying this liquid-based thermobarometer to the estimated primary melt compositions for a global kimberlite dataset, we show that the equilibration depths between primary kimberlite melts and mantle peridotites indicate a decrease of up to ∼150 km in cratonic lithosphere thickness globally during the past ∼2 Gyr. Together with the temporal coupling between global kimberlite frequency and cold subduction flux since ∼2 Gyr ago, our results imply a causal link between lithosphere thinning and supply of CO2-rich melts enhanced by deep subduction of carbonated oceanic crusts. While hibernating at the lithosphere root, these melts chemically metasomatize and rheologically weaken the rigid lithosphere and consequently facilitate destruction through convective removal in the ambient mantle or thermo-magmatic erosion during mantle plume activities.
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