Thirty Years Later: Real-Time Change and Stability in Attitudes towards the Dialect in Shetland
Thirty Years Later: Real-Time Change and Stability in Attitudes towards the Dialect in Shetland
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三十年后：设得兰群岛方言态度的实时变化与稳定
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发表时间：
2014
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Durham
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Durham
最近的一系列社会语言学研究集中在对语言变体的态度如何与语言转换和语言变化的过程内在地联系在一起：一些研究考察了对特定特征的感知（Buchstaller 2006; Campbell-Kibler 2007，2008，2009; Labov，Ash，Ravindranath，Weldon，Baranowski和Nagy 2011），而其他人则专注于对整个方言或语言的态度（Coupland and Bishop 2007;加勒特2010; Lippi-Green 2011）。这些研究中的大部分都是在一个新的特征正在流行，或者一种方言或语言正在转变的过程中进行的，事实上，态度可以很好地预测与年龄，性别，社会阶层和其他外部因素有关的语言转变。然而，如果我们对变化前的态度没有具体的了解，我们怎么能完全肯定这些态度是实际变化的真正前兆呢？态度的转变可能只是碰巧与语言的变化平行，而不是与它们相关。为了衡量态度是否会影响语言转变，需要尽可能检查态度的实时变化，同时研究单个时间点的态度。虽然社会语言学的研究已经最终证明，明显的时间结构是适当的，以检查在许多情况下的语言变化（贝利2002年），它还没有被澄清，这是否可以直接转移到语言态度的变化。
A strand of recent sociolinguistic research has focused on how attitudes towards language varieties are intrinsically linked with processes of language shift and language change: some have examined the perception of specific features (Buchstaller 2006; Campbell-Kibler 2007, 2008, 2009; Labov, Ash, Ravindranath, Weldon, Baranowski and Nagy 2011), while others have concentrated on attitudes towards whole dialects or languages (Coupland and Bishop 2007; Garrett 2010; Lippi-Green 2011). Much of this research comes precisely when a new feature is gaining ground or when a dialect or language is in the process of shift, and indeed, attitudes can be good predictors of linguistic shift related to age, gender, social class and other external factors. How can we be completely sure, however, that the attitudes are genuinely precursors to actual shift if we do not have concrete knowledge about attitudes in the period before the change? Attitude shifts may merely happen to run parallel to the linguistic changes and not be related to them. To gauge whether attitudes influence linguistic shift, real-time change in attitudes needs to be examined where possible, alongside research on attitudes at a single point in time. While sociolinguistic research has conclusively demonstrated that the apparent-time construct is appropriate to examine language change in many contexts (Bailey 2002), it has not been clarified whether this can be directly transferred to change in linguistic attitudes.