A structural model of health behavior: A pragmatic approach to explain and influence health behaviors at the population level
A structural model of health behavior: A pragmatic approach to explain and influence health behaviors at the population level
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DOI：
10.1006/pmed.1999.0609
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发表时间：
2000-02-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Farley, TA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen, DA;Scribner, RA;Farley, TA
背景。行为受到个人属性以及人们生活条件的影响。改变政策、实践和生活条件可以直接或间接影响个人行为。本文以现有的健康行为生态理论为基础，详细说明了人口水平因素影响个体健康行为变化的结构机制。方法。本文将生态理论从模型构建转向结构干预的务实表征。我们研究了超出个人控制的社会和环境因素以及它们如何影响行为的机制。结果。确定了四类结构性因素：（1）保护性或有害消费品的可用性，（2）物理结构（或产品的物理特征），（3）社会结构和政策，以及（4）媒体和文化信息。前三者可以通过促进或限制行为直接影响个人。第四，媒体，其运作方式是：改变个人层面的态度、信仰和认知，以及群体规范。结论。针对四个已确定的结构性因素的干预措施是一种提供条件的手段，不仅可以减少高风险行为，还可以防止采取高风险行为。结构性干预措施是改善国家健康的重要且未得到充分利用的方法。 2000 年美国健康基金会和学术出版社。
Background. Behavior is influenced by individual-level attributes as well as by the conditions under which people Live. Altering policies, practices, and the conditions of life can directly and indirectly influence individual behavior. This paper builds on existing ecological theories of health behavior by specifying structural mechanisms by which population-level factors effect change in individual health behaviors.Methods. This paper moves ecological theory from model building to a pragmatic characterization of structural interventions. We examined social and environmental factors beyond individual control and mechanisms as to how they influence behavior.Results. Four categories of structural factors are identified: (1) availability of protective or harmful consumer products, (2) physical structures (or physical characteristics of products), (3) social structures and policies, and (4) media and cultural messages. The first three can directly influence individuals through facilitating or constraining behavior. The fourth, media, operates by:changing individual-level attitudes, beliefs, and cognitions, as well as group norms.Conclusion. Interventions that target the four identified structural factors are a means to provide conditions that not only reduce high-risk behavior but also prevent the adoption of high-risk behaviors. Structural interventions are important and underutilized approaches for improving our nation's health. 2000 American Health Foundation and Academic Press.