Expression robust 3D face landmarking using thresholded surface normals
Expression robust 3D face landmarking using thresholded surface normals
复制标题
使用阈值表面法线表达稳健的 3D 人脸标记
DOI：
10.1016/j.patcog.2018.01.011
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Evans
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jiangning Gao;A. Evans
3D人脸识别是一种越来越流行的生物身份验证方式，例如在iPhoneX中。在基于区域的人脸识别算法中，界标起着重要的作用。界标的准确性和一致性将直接决定特征提取的有效性，从而决定整体的识别性能。虽然表面法线已经被证明为人脸识别提供了高性能的特征，但它们在地标中的应用还没有得到广泛的探索。为此，提出了一种适用于广泛使用的3D人脸数据库的基于阈值表面法向图的3D人脸标记算法。使用表面法线的好处被证明在面部侧滚和偏航旋转校准和鼻部地标定位方面。在Bsporus、FRGC和BU-3DFE数据库上的结果表明，在不同的表达方式下，所检测的地标具有较高的类内一致性和准确性。对于几个关键的里程碑，所取得的性能超过了最先进的技术，而且还无需培训，计算效率高。因此，表面法线的使用提供了3D表面的有用表示，并且所提出的界标算法提供了一种定位关键鼻标的有效方法。
3D face recognition is an increasing popular modality for biometric authentication, for example in the iPhoneX. Landmarking plays a significant role in region based face recognition algorithms. The accuracy and consistency of the landmarking will directly determine the effectiveness of feature extraction and hence the overall recognition performance. While surface normals have been shown to provide high performing features for face recognition, their use in landmarking has not been widely explored. To this end, a new 3D facial landmarking algorithm based on thresholded surface normal maps is proposed, which is applicable to widely used 3D face databases. The benefits of employing surface normals are demonstrated for both facial roll and yaw rotation calibration and nasal landmarks localization. Results on the Bosphorus, FRGC and BU-3DFE databases show that the detected landmarks possess high within-class consistency and accuracy under different expressions. For several key landmarks the performance achieved surpasses that of state-of-the-art techniques and is also training free and computationally efficient. The use of surface normals therefore provides a useful representation of the 3D surface and the proposed landmarking algorithm provides an effective approach to localising the key nasal landmarks.