THE DIVERGENCE OF BLACK AND WHITE MARRIAGE PATTERNS
THE DIVERGENCE OF BLACK AND WHITE MARRIAGE PATTERNS
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DOI：
10.1086/229330
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发表时间：
1989-11-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
CRAIG, PH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BENNETT, NG;BLOOM, DE;CRAIG, PH
本文探讨了美国黑人和白人女性初婚的模式和决定因素。黑人和白人女性的初婚模式存在三个主要差异：（1）黑人结婚比例低于白人； (2) 在黑人群体中，结婚的女性比例大幅下降，但在白人群体中，女性结婚比例略有下降； （3）虽然教育程度的提高与白人结婚的可能性呈负相关（即使是轻微的），但在黑人中却呈正相关。观察到的种族差异与黑人和白人经历的三个不同因素是一致的：婚姻挤压、劳动力市场的成功和非婚生子。鉴于配偶之间的传统年龄差异，在 20 世纪 50 年代末之前出生的人群中，黑人女性的合格男性伴侣远少于白人女性。对于黑人和白人来说，就业状况与结婚倾向呈正相关，但对于年轻黑人来说，劳动力市场状况普遍较差，并且与其他群体相比，随着时间的推移，劳动力市场状况显着恶化。最后，过早生育非婚生子女与女性最终结婚的可能性呈强烈负相关。
This article examines the patterns and determinants of first marriage among black and white women in the United States. Three major differences exist between the first-marriage patterns of black and white women: (1) lower proportions of blacks marry than whites; (2) the proportion of women who ever marry has declined substantially across cohorts for blacks but modestly across cohorts for whites; and (3) while increased education is associated negatively, if slightly, with the probability of ever marrying among whites, it is associated positively among blacks. The observed racial divergence is consistent with three factors experienced differentially by blacks and whits: the marriage squeeze, labor-market success, and out-of-wedlock childbearing. Given the traditional age differences between spouses, there are far fewer eligible male mates for black women than for white women among cohorts born before the late 1950s. For both blacks and whites, employment status is positively associated with the propensity to marry, but for young blacks the labor-market situation is generally poor and has deteriorated significantly across time in comparison with other groups. Finally, having an out-of-wedlock child at an early age is strongly negatively associated with the likelihood that a woman will ultimately marry.