Taxonomy and significance of black aspergilli
Taxonomy and significance of black aspergilli
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DOI：
10.1023/b:anto.0000024907.85688.05
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发表时间：
2004-08-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Cabañes, FJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abarca, ML;Accensi, F;Cabañes, FJ
黑曲霉组（原黑曲霉组）的成员分布在世界各地，被认为是常见的食品腐败真菌。其中一些被广泛用于工业目的和研究。它们是用于食品加工的细胞外酶和有机酸的常见来源，也用于传统食品的生产，特别是在东方。由黑曲霉菌株生产的产品持有FDA的GRAS（公认安全）地位。然而，黑曲霉的某些种类可以产生赭曲霉毒素A，一种肾毒性真菌毒素。尽管黑曲霉（Aspergillus section Nigri）在工业上具有重要意义，但其分类尚不清楚，为了找到合适的分类标准，人们进行了许多尝试。本文的目的是提供一个概述黑曲霉的意义，重点是所有的方法在这组真菌的分类。有些种类，如石炭芽孢杆菌和单一品种，可以很容易地识别。在黑桫椤群落中，虽然已经提出了在分子水平上的物种形成，但没有观察到形态学上的差异，因此物种鉴定仍然是一个问题。本文还对代表性黑曲霉种ITS和5.8S rDNA基因区进行了系统发育分析，并对最常见的品种进行了简单的分类。
Members of Aspergillus section Nigri (formerly A. niger group) are distributed worldwide and are regarded as common food spoilage fungi. Some of them are widely used and studied for industrial purposes. They are common sources of extracellular enzymes and organic acids to be used in food processing and are also used in the production of traditional foods, especially in the Orient. Products produced by strains of Aspergillus niger hold the GRAS (Generally Recognised As Safe) status from the FDA. However some species in Aspergillus section Nigri can produce ochratoxin A, a nephrotoxic mycotoxin. In spite of their industrial importance, the taxonomy of black aspergilli (Aspergillus section Nigri) is not clear and many attempts have been made in order to find suitable taxonomic criteria. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the significance of black aspergilli focusing on all the approaches made in the taxonomy of this group of fungi. Some species, such as A. carbonarius and uniseriate species can be easily recognised. In the A. niger aggregate, although speciation at molecular level has been proposed, no morphological differences can be observed and species identification will therefore remain problematic. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and 5.8S rDNA gene region of representative black Aspergillus species and a simple key to the most common species that can be easily distinguished by morphological criteria are also included.