Explaining institutional change: : policy areas, outside options, and the Bretton woods institutions
Explaining institutional change: : policy areas, outside options, and the Bretton woods institutions
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解释制度变革：政策领域、外部选择和布雷顿森林机构
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
Phillip Y. Lipscy
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作者：
Phillip Y. Lipscy
我提出并检验了一个理论框架，解释了国际关系中的制度变迁。与市场中的公司一样，国际机构也受到其政策领域的基本特征的影响。一些政策领域容易产生竞争相对较少的机构，限制了成员国的外部选择，阻碍了再分配变革。相比之下，面临激烈竞争的机构将迅速反映潜在国家利益和权力的变化。为了实证检验这一理论，我利用布雷顿森林机构--国际货币基金组织和世界银行--的共同特征来隔离政策领域特征变化的影响。实证检验表明，尽管布雷顿森林机构拥有相同的成员资格和内部规则，但它们的谈判结果却大相径庭，并与理论相符。
I propose and test a theoretical framework that explains institutional change in international relations. Like firms in markets, international institutions are affected by the underlying characteristics of their policy areas. Some policy areas are prone to produce institutions facing relatively little competition, limiting the outside options of member states and impeding redistributive change. In comparison, institutions facing severe competition will quickly reflect changes in underlying state interests and power. To test the theory empirically, I exploit common features of the Bretton Woods institutions�the International Monetary Fund and World Bank�to isolate the effect of variation in policy area characteristics. The empirical tests show that, despite having identical membership and internal rules, bargaining outcomes in the Bretton Woods institutions have diverged sharply and in accordance with the theory.