Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) derived Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in finite element studies: a review of the literature.
Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) derived Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in finite element studies: a review of the literature.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40634-016-0072-2
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发表时间：
2016-12
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Ferreira LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knowles NK;Reeves JM;Ferreira LM
人体骨的有限元建模提供了一个强大的工具，以高度可重复和参数化的方式评估各种结果。这些模型通常来自计算机断层扫描数据，其机械性能与来自该数据提供的X射线能量衰减的骨矿物质密度（BMD）相关。为了提高准确性，许多研究人员报告使用定量计算机断层扫描（QCT），其中在图像采集期间使用校准体模来改善BMD的估计。由于模型准确度取决于计算BMD和密度-力学特性关系所用的方法，因此使用针对相同解剖位置开发的关系和使用相同的扫描仪设置非常重要，因为这些可能会影响模型准确度。本文献综述的目的是报告在最近的有限元（FE）研究中用于常见密度-模量关系的QCT等效密度测量转换为灰分、表观和/或组织密度时所使用的关系。对于报告实验验证的研究，提供了验证指标和结果。在审查的研究中，29%报告使用磷酸氢二钾（K2 HPO 4）体模，47%报告使用羟基磷灰石（HA）体模，13%未报告体模类型，7%报告使用K2 HPO 4和HA体模，4%报告使用替代体模类型。在31%的研究中省略或部分报告了扫描仪类型和/或设置。大多数研究使用的密度测定和/或密度-模量关系源自不同扫描仪设置下不同扫描仪扫描的不同解剖位置。报告了用于推导各种密度关系的方法，并对报告指标的标准化提出了建议。本综述评估了使用临床扫描仪进行基于QCT的FE建模的当前状态。发现先前开发的密度关系因解剖位置、扫描仪类型和设置而异。在参考以前开发的关系或开发新关系时，报告所有使用的参数可能会提高未来FE模型的准确性和可重复性。
Finite element modeling of human bone provides a powerful tool to evaluate a wide variety of outcomes in a highly repeatable and parametric manner. These models are most often derived from computed tomography data, with mechanical properties related to bone mineral density (BMD) from the x-ray energy attenuation provided from this data. To increase accuracy, many researchers report the use of quantitative computed tomography (QCT), in which a calibration phantom is used during image acquisition to improve the estimation of BMD. Since model accuracy is dependent on the methods used in the calculation of BMD and density-mechanical property relationships, it is important to use relationships developed for the same anatomical location and using the same scanner settings, as these may impact model accuracy. The purpose of this literature review is to report the relationships used in the conversion of QCT equivalent density measures to ash, apparent, and/or tissue densities in recent finite element (FE) studies used in common density-modulus relationships. For studies reporting experimental validation, the validation metrics and results are presented. Of the studies reviewed, 29% reported the use of a dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) phantom, 47% a hydroxyapatite (HA) phantom, 13% did not report phantom type, 7% reported use of both K2HPO4 and HA phantoms, and 4% alternate phantom types. Scanner type and/or settings were omitted or partially reported in 31% of studies. The majority of studies used densitometric and/or density-modulus relationships derived from different anatomical locations scanned in different scanners with different scanner settings. The methods used to derive various densitometric relationships are reported and recommendations are provided toward the standardization of reporting metrics. This review assessed the current state of QCT-based FE modeling with use of clinical scanners. It was found that previously developed densitometric relationships vary by anatomical location, scanner type and settings. Reporting of all parameters used when referring to previously developed relationships, or in the development of new relationships, may increase the accuracy and repeatability of future FE models.