Miracle or Nightmare? A Critical Review of Dutch Activation Policies and their Outcomes
Miracle or Nightmare? A Critical Review of Dutch Activation Policies and their Outcomes
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奇迹还是噩梦？
DOI：
10.1017/s0047279402006670
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
W. Oorschot
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Oorschot
本文描述了20世纪80年代以来荷兰就业的趋势，回顾了在社会保障和劳动力市场政策领域采取的激活措施，并批判性地讨论了这些措施的成功。报告的结论是，可能没有理由将“荷兰奇迹”--最近失业率的下降和就业的爆炸性增长--直接归因于所采取的措施，而且激活政策危及社会权利和公民身份，特别是那些传统上最脆弱的群体。从年工作总时数、兼职就业比例大、隐性失业程度大等方面来看，荷兰奇迹进一步被置于就业小幅增长的视角中。如果未来的经济衰退冲击荷兰，由于社会保障的全面丧失，对许多人来说，奇迹将变成噩梦。
This article describes trends in Dutch (un)employment from the 1980s onwards, it reviews activation measures that were taken in the field of social security and labour market policies, and it critically discusses the successfulness of these measures. It concludes that it may not be justified to attribute the ‘Dutch miracle’ – the recent decrease in unemployment and the explosive growth of employment – directly to the measures taken, and that activation policies have endangered social rights and citizenship, especially of those groups which traditionally are most vulnerable. The ‘Dutch miracle’ is further put into the perspective of a small employment growth in terms of the total of hours worked annually, the large proportion of part-time employment, and the large degree of hidden unemployment. If a future recession hits the Netherlands, the miracle will turn into a nightmare for many due to the significant overall loss of social protection.