Evolution of Santorini Volcano dominated by episodic and rapid fluxes of melt from depth
Evolution of Santorini Volcano dominated by episodic and rapid fluxes of melt from depth
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DOI：
10.1038/ngeo1562
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发表时间：
2012-10
影响因子：
18.3
通讯作者：
M. Parks;J. Biggs;P. England;T. Mather;P. Nomikou;Kirill Palamartchouk;X. Papanikolaou;D. Paradissis;B. Parsons;D. Pyle;Costas Raptakis;V. Zacharis
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. Parks;J. Biggs;P. England;T. Mather;P. Nomikou;Kirill Palamartchouk;X. Papanikolaou;D. Paradissis;B. Parsons;D. Pyle;Costas Raptakis;V. Zacharis
圣托里尼火山是希腊米诺斯灾难性喷发的地点，呈现出两种不同的喷发风格：小规模的喷发相对频繁地发生，并形成熔岩盾和圆顶，而大规模的爆炸性喷发则很少发生，间隔为 10,000-30,000 年。这两种类型的喷发都被认为是在浅层岩浆室中孕育的，该岩浆室不断被从下方注入岩浆室的小批量熔体所充满。然而，岩石学研究表明，米诺斯火山喷发期间至少有 15% 的物质在喷发前不到 100 年就到达了岩浆室。在这里，我们使用卫星雷达干涉测量 (InSAR) 和全球定位系统 (GPS) 对圣托里尼岛表面变形进行测量，结果显示自 2011 年 1 月以来，已有 10-2000 万立方米的岩浆侵入火山下方。这个体积相当于有记录的穹顶形成喷发体积的 10-50%。 GPS 和三角测量数据显示，这是自 1955 年（上次喷发后不久）以来发生的唯一一次体积显着的入侵。我们的观察表明，无论圣托里尼岛处于爆炸阶段还是穹顶形成阶段，其浅层岩浆房都会被高通量岩浆间歇性地充注。与中间的休止期相比，这些事件的持续时间很短，并且它们的时间由更深的岩浆库的动力学控制。
Santorini Volcano, the site of the catastrophic Minoan eruption in Greece, exhibits two distinct eruptive styles: small, effusive eruptions occur relatively frequently and build shields and domes of lava, whereas large explosive eruptions occur rarely, at intervals of 10,000–30,000 years. Both types of eruption were thought to incubate in a shallow magma chamber that is continually charged by small batches of melt injected into the chamber from below. However, petrological work suggests that at least 15% of the material ejected during the Minoan explosive eruption arrived in the magma chamber less than 100 years before the eruption. Here we use Satellite Radar Interferometry (InSAR) and Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements of surface deformation at Santorini to show that 10–20 million m3of magma have been intruded beneath the volcano since January 2011. This volume is equivalent to 10–50% of the volumes of recorded dome-forming eruptions. GPS and triangulation data show that this is the only volumetrically significant intrusion to have occurred since 1955, shortly after the last eruption. Our observations imply that whether Santorini is in an explosive or dome-forming phase, its shallow magma chamber is charged episodically by high-flux batches of magma. The durations of these events are short in comparison with the intervening periods of repose and their timing is controlled by the dynamics of deeper magma reservoirs.