"The Good, the Bad and the Ugly" of Chitosans.
"The Good, the Bad and the Ugly" of Chitosans.
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DOI：
10.3390/md14050099
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发表时间：
2016-05-17
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Cesàro A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bellich B;D'Agostino I;Semeraro S;Gamini A;Cesàro A
本文的目的是强调这样一个事实，即尽管人们对壳聚糖的工业应用一直很感兴趣，但对其物理化学性质的良好表征的认识却很少。因此，本文试图批判性地评论相互矛盾的实验结果，突出事实，神话和争议。目的是说明如何利用壳聚糖的多功能性，学习如何管理其可变性，并展示如何正确处理一些意想不到的不良特性。本文介绍了壳聚糖性能与壳聚糖的一些基本特性、先进的解决方案和应用之间的关系。引言概述了一些历史上的开创性工作，在这些工作中，壳聚糖的化学性质最初得到了探索。之后，特别提到了分析纯度，表征和链修饰。大分子表征主要与分子量和乙酰化程度有关，但也与构象、流变性能和溶液稳定性有关。然后，综述了壳聚糖的抗菌活性与其溶解度的关系。一节致力于壳聚糖生物材料的配方，从凝胶到纳米球，探索其作为活性载体纳米颗粒的创新应用。最后，对壳聚糖作为高分子材料和纳米结构材料的毒性问题作了简要评述。
The objective of this paper is to emphasize the fact that while consistent interest has been paid to the industrial use of chitosan, minor attention has been devoted to spread the knowledge of a good characterization of its physico-chemical properties. Therefore, the paper attempts to critically comment on the conflicting experimental results, highlighting the facts, the myths and the controversies. The goal is to indicate how to take advantage of chitosan versatility, to learn how to manage its variability and show how to properly tackle some unexpected undesirable features. In the sections of the paper various issues that relate chitosan properties to some basic features and to advanced solutions and applications are presented. The introduction outlines some historical pioneering works, where the chemistry of chitosan was originally explored. Thereafter, particular reference is made to analytical purity, characterization and chain modifications. The macromolecular characterization is mostly related to molecular weight and to degree of acetylation, but also refers to the conformational and rheological properties and solution stability. Then, the antimicrobial activity of chitosan in relation with its solubility is reviewed. A section is dedicated to the formulation of chitosan biomaterials, from gel to nanobeads, exploring their innovative application as active carrier nanoparticles. Finally, the toxicity issue of chitosan as a polymer and as a constructed nanomaterial is briefly commented in the conclusions.