New insights into Drosophila larval haemocyte functions through genome-wide analysis
New insights into Drosophila larval haemocyte functions through genome-wide analysis
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1462-5822.2004.00462.x
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发表时间：
2005-03-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Meister, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Irving, P;Ubeda, JM;Meister, M
果蝇的血细胞或血细胞包括三种细胞系，浆细胞、晶体细胞和层状细胞，参与免疫功能，如吞噬、黑化和包封。不同的血细胞群体的活动转录谱分析，从幼稚或感染的幼虫，进行，以找到有助于血细胞功能的基因。在微阵列上的13000个基因中，超过2500个在血细胞中表现出显著的富集转录。其中包括编码整合素、肽聚糖识别蛋白（PGRPs）、清道夫受体、凝集素、细胞粘附分子和丝氨酸蛋白酶的基因。该分析的一个相关结果是获得了层状细胞包封过程的新见解。我们发现层状细胞需要betaPS整合素来包封，并且它们转录一个酚氧化酶原基因，使它们能够产生包膜黑化所必需的酶。第二个令人信服的观察结果是，感染后，编码细胞因子Spatzle的基因在血细胞中而不是在脂肪体中被上调。这表明果蝇血细胞在病原体识别后产生一个信号分子，准备通过裂解激活，通知远处组织感染。
Drosophila blood cells or haemocytes comprise three cell lineages, plasmatocytes, crystal cells and lamellocytes, involved in immune functions such as phagocytosis, melanisation and encapsulation. Transcriptional profiling of activities of distinct haemocyte populations and from naive or infected larvae, was performed to find genes contributing to haemocyte functions. Of the 13 000 genes represented on the microarray, over 2500 exhibited significantly enriched transcription in haemocytes. Among these were genes encoding integrins, peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), scavenger receptors, lectins, cell adhesion molecules and serine proteases. One relevant outcome of this analysis was the gain of new insights into the lamellocyte encapsulation process. We showed that lamellocytes require betaPS integrin for encapsulation and that they transcribe one prophenoloxidase gene enabling them to produce the enzyme necessary for melanisation of the capsule. A second compelling observation was that following infection, the gene encoding the cytokine Spatzle was uniquely upregulated in haemocytes and not the fat body. This shows that Drosophila haemocytes produce a signal molecule ready to be activated through cleavage after pathogen recognition, informing distant tissues of infection.