A Technological and Regulatory Review on Human-Animal Chimera Research: The Current Landscape of Biology, Law, and Public Opinion.
A Technological and Regulatory Review on Human-Animal Chimera Research: The Current Landscape of Biology, Law, and Public Opinion.
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DOI：
10.1177/09636897231183112
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发表时间：
2023-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Low WC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown JL;Voth JP;Person K;Low WC
器官移植是一种高度利用的治疗许多医疗条件，但等待器官的患者人数远远超过可用的人数。目前与器官移植相关的挑战和限制以及基因编辑技术的技术进步促使科学家们寻求替代方案来解决供体器官短缺问题。在动物身上培养人体器官并将这些器官移植到人体内就是这样一种解决方案。这些嵌合体动物通常具有特定器官发育所需的某些基因，这些基因在早期发育阶段受到抑制，然后添加培养的多能人类细胞以填补该发育生态位。其结果是一种含有可用于移植到患者体内的人类器官的嵌合动物，从而规避了目前供体器官移植所涉及的一些限制。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论目前的科学和法律的景观的人-动物嵌合体（HAC）的研究。我们提出了一个概述的技术进步，允许创建HAC，目前存在的专利，这些方法，以及目前的公众态度和理解，可以影响HAC的研究政策。我们补充我们的科学和公众态度的讨论与嵌合体研究在国家和州一级的监管概述，同时也对比了目前的美国立法与其他国家的法规。总的来说，我们提供了一个全面的法律的和科学的障碍，进行研究的HAC的生成可移植的人体器官，以及为未来提供建议。
Organ transplantation is a highly utilized treatment for many medical conditions, yet the number of patients waiting for organs far exceeds the number available. The challenges and limitations currently associated with organ transplantation and technological advances in gene editing techniques have led scientists to pursue alternate solutions to the donor organ shortage. Growing human organs in animals and harvesting those organs for transplantation into humans is one such solution. These chimeric animals usually have certain genes necessary for a specific organ’s development inhibited at an early developmental stage, followed by the addition of cultured pluripotent human cells to fill that developmental niche. The result is a chimeric animal that contains human organs which are available for transplant into a patient, circumventing some of the limitations currently involved in donor organ transplantation. In this review, we will discuss both the current scientific and legal landscape of human–animal chimera (HAC) research. We present an overview of the technological advances that allow for the creation of HACs, the patents that currently exist on these methods, as well as current public attitude and understanding that can influence HAC research policy. We complement our scientific and public attitude discussion with a regulatory overview of chimera research at both the national and state level, while also contrasting current U.S. legislation with regulations in other countries. Overall, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the legal and scientific barriers to conducting research on HACs for the generation of transplantable human organs, as well as provide recommendations for the future.
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DOI：
10.1002/stem.2670
发表时间：
2017-10
期刊：
Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio)
影响因子：
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影响因子：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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