The antarctic ozone minimum: Relationship to odd nitrogen, odd chlorine, the final warming, and the 11‐year solar cycle
The antarctic ozone minimum: Relationship to odd nitrogen, odd chlorine, the final warming, and the 11‐year solar cycle
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DOI：
10.1029/jd091id10p10771
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发表时间：
1986-09
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Callis;M. Natarajan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Callis;M. Natarajan
沿子午面“非绝热轨迹”的光化学计算被用来寻找南极柱臭氧春季极小值的原因。结果表明，最小值主要是由于高水平的总奇数氮对臭氧的催化破坏，这与在南极进行的 NO2 柱总和观测（20 至 35 公里之间）一致。计算表明，这些含量的奇数氮从平流层中层到平流层上部以及中间层下部输送到平流层下部。这种运输发生在极涡内和极夜期间。讨论了这些奇怪的氮水平与 11 年太阳周期有关的可能性，并且在太阳活动极大期条件下通过增强热层和中间层的形成而增加。对卫星数据（LIMS、SME、SAGE、SAGE II）的分析表明，1979 年至 1984 年期间平流层总奇氮水平显着增加，特别是在中南纬度地区。计算表明，这些中纬度地区奇数氮的增加对最近报道的中纬度地区臭氧减少有很大贡献。到 20 世纪 80 年代中期，南极臭氧极小值的持续出现与这种奇数氮的增长有关。人们发现，最终变暖开始时的瞬态行星波活动显着减缓了柱状臭氧极小值的形成。如果仅考虑均质过程，则表明当前大气水平两倍的氯物质的影响微不足道。如果考虑多相氯反应，奇数氮对臭氧的催化破坏在20至30公里之间受到轻微抑制。在20公里以下，非均相反应可能会促进由于奇数氢和奇数氯循环而导致的臭氧催化破坏，但该循环对计算的臭氧柱总破坏贡献不大。
Photochemical calculations along “diabatic trajectories” in the meridional plane are used to search for the cause of the dramatic springtime minimum in Antarctic column ozone. Results indicate that the minimum is principally due to catalytic destruction of ozone by high levels of total odd nitrogen which are in accord with column sum observations of NO2 (between 20 and 35 km) made in the Antarctic. Calculations suggest that these levels of odd nitrogen are transported to the lower stratosphere from the mid to upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. This transport occurs within the polar vortex and during the polar night. The possibility that these odd nitrogen levels are related to the 11-year solar cycle and are increased by enhanced formation in the thermosphere and mesosphere during solar maximum conditions is discussed. Analysis of satellite data (LIMS, SME, SAGE, SAGE II) establishes significantly increased levels of stratospheric total odd nitrogen for the 1979–1984 time period, particularly at the midsouthern latitudes. Calculations suggest that these mid-latitude increases in odd nitrogen contribute significantly to the recently reported mid-latitude ozone decreases. The persistent reoccurrence of the Antarctic ozone minima into the mid-1980s is related to this growth of odd nitrogen. Transient planetary wave activity near the onset of the final warming is found to significantly moderate the formation of the minimum in column ozone. Chlorine species at double the present atmospheric levels are shown to have an insignificant effect if only homogeneous processes are considered. If heterogeneous chlorine reactions are considered, the catalytic destruction of ozone by the odd nitrogen is slightly inhibited between 20 and 30 km. Below 20 km the catalytic destruction of ozone due to an odd hydrogen and odd chlorine cycle may be fostered by the heterogeneous reactions but this cycle contributes only modestly to the calculated ozone column sum destruction.