Diurnal cycles of embolism formation and repair in petioles of grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Chasselas).
Diurnal cycles of embolism formation and repair in petioles of grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Chasselas).
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DOI：
10.1093/jxb/err081
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发表时间：
2011-07
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Viret O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zufferey V;Cochard H;Ameglio T;Spring JL;Viret O
在田间种植的葡萄树（Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chasselas）上观察到水分亏缺对叶柄气孔导度（gs）、叶柄水力导度（Kpetiole）和气蚀脆弱性（PLC，水力导度损失百分比）的影响。叶柄极易受到空化的影响，当茎木质部水势 (Ψx) 为 –0.95MPa 时，导水率损失 50%；当 Ψx 为 –1.5MPa 时，导水率损失高达 90%。 Kpetiole 描述了一个每日周期，随着水分压力和蒸散量的增加，白天下降，然后在傍晚再次上升，直至前一天早上的 Kpetiole 水平。在缺水的葡萄藤中，PLC 在白天急剧增加，并在下午达到最大值（70-90%）。从一天结束到晚上，叶柄中都发生栓塞修复。事实上，在缺水的葡萄藤中，PLC 在黑暗中会下降。灌溉植物的PLC变化表现出相同的趋势，但幅度较小。 Chasselas 品种似乎发展出水力分割，其中叶柄空化作为“水力保险丝”发挥着重要作用，从而限制叶片蒸腾和栓塞的传播，并在水分胁迫期间保持其他器官（芽和根）的完整性。在本研究中，气孔逐渐关闭对 Kpetiole 的减少和空化事件的增加做出了反应。当叶柄中的 PLC 达到 >90% 时，测量到气孔几乎完全关闭 (90%)。
The impact of water deficit on stomatal conductance (gs), petiole hydraulic conductance (Kpetiole), and vulnerability to cavitation (PLC, percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity) in leaf petioles has been observed on field-grown vines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chasselas). Petioles were highly vulnerable to cavitation, with a 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity at a stem xylem water potential (Ψx) of –0.95 MPa, and up to 90% loss of conductivity at a Ψx of –1.5 MPa. Kpetiole described a daily cycle, decreasing during the day as water stress and evapotranspiration increased, then rising again in the early evening up to the previous morning's Kpetiole levels. In water-stressed vines, PLC increased sharply during the daytime and reached maximum values (70–90%) in the middle of the afternoon. Embolism repair occurred in petioles from the end of the day through the night. Indeed, PLC decreased in darkness in water-stressed vines. PLC variation in irrigated plants showed the same tendency, but with a smaller amplitude. The Chasselas cultivar appears to develop hydraulic segmentation, in which petiole cavitation plays an important role as a ‘hydraulic fuse’, thereby limiting leaf transpiration and the propagation of embolism and preserving the integrity of other organs (shoots and roots) during water stress. In the present study, progressive stomatal closure responded to a decrease in Kpetiole and an increase in cavitation events. Almost total closure of stomata (90%) was measured when PLC in petioles reached >90%.
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影响因子：
7.3
作者：
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