Searching for a Different Future: The Rise of a Global Middle Class in Morocco
Searching for a Different Future: The Rise of a Global Middle Class in Morocco
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寻找不同的未来：摩洛哥全球中产阶级的崛起
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发表时间：
2004
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通讯作者：
Shana R. Cohen
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作者：
Shana R. Cohen
通过研究新自由主义经济改革政策如何影响当代摩洛哥受过教育的年轻人，《寻找不同的未来》提出了一个新的社会经济形态：全球中产阶级。在摩洛哥的后殖民时期，从20世纪50年代到70年代，发展政策和民族主义意识形态支持了基于对教育、就业和物质保障的追求的中产阶级的形成。摩洛哥自20世纪80年代初以来采取的新自由主义改革大大削弱了国家培养中产阶级的能力，受过教育的成年人的失业和临时就业增加。国家的最大利益和中产阶级工人的最大利益之间不再有明显的关联。正如莎娜·科恩所证明的那样，摩洛哥受过教育的年轻人并不指望国家提供经济保障和实现目标，而是指望分散的、无定形的全球市场。
科恩深入研究了摩洛哥和世界其他地方中产阶级，个人和国家之间发生的破裂。结合文化理论和人种学观察，包括在卡萨布兰卡和拉巴特采访了70名年轻人的制度经济分析，她揭示了年轻，城市，受过教育的马达加斯加人如何看待他们的物质，社会和政治条件。她发现，在大多数情况下，除了通常与民族主义和民族认同有关的公民参与类型外，他们认为自己的经济和社会福利有所改善。在回答关于资本主义的演变如何影响身份的经典社会学问题时，科恩揭示了全球化的可衡量的社会和经济后果，以及其对个人对自己在社会中的地位和生活前景的看法的无形影响。
By examining how neoliberal economic reform policies have affected educated young adults in contemporary Morocco, Searching for a Different Future posits a new socioeconomic formation: the global middle class. During Morocco’s postcolonial period, from the 1950s through the 1970s, development policy and nationalist ideology supported the formation of a middle class based on the pursuit of education, employment, and material security. Neoliberal reforms adopted by Morocco since the early 1980s have significantly eroded the capacity of the state to nurture the middle class, and unemployment and temporary employment among educated adults has grown. There is no longer an obvious correlation between the best interests of the state and those of the middle-class worker. As Shana Cohen demonstrates, educated young adults in Morocco do not look toward the state for economic security and fulfillment but toward the diffuse, amorphous global market.
Cohen delves into the rupture that has occurred between the middle class, the individual, and the nation in Morocco and elsewhere around the world. Combining institutional economic analysis with cultural theory and ethnographic observation including interviews with seventy young adults in Casablanca and Rabat, she reveals how young, urban, educated Moroccans conceive of their material, social, and political conditions. She finds that, for the most part, they perceive improvement in their economic and social welfare apart from the types of civic participation commonly connected with nationalism and national identity. In answering classic sociological questions about how the evolution of capitalism influences identity, Cohen sheds new light on the measurable social and economic consequences of globalization and on its less tangible effects on individuals’ perception of their place in society and prospects in life.