Lipid Biosynthesis and Metabolic Regulation in Microalgae
Lipid Biosynthesis and Metabolic Regulation in Microalgae
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发表时间：
2011-10
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通讯作者：
Zhu Shunni;Wang Zhongming;Shang Changhua;Zhou Weizheng;Yang Kang;Yuan Zhenhong
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作者：
Zhu Shunni;Wang Zhongming;Shang Changhua;Zhou Weizheng;Yang Kang;Yuan Zhenhong
随着能源和环境问题的日益严峻，微藻生物柴油已成为研究热点。与传统油料作物相比，微藻具有生长快、油脂含量高、不占用耕地等优点，被认为是极具潜力的生物燃料原料。尽管中性脂质，特别是生物柴油生产的主要原料三酰甘油（TAG），在胁迫条件下可以在许多藻细胞中积累，但迄今为止，人们对微藻脂质合成和代谢调控知之甚少。为了更好地理解和操纵微藻脂质代谢以提高脂质产量，我们概述了微藻脂质生物合成和代谢调控的进展，包括TAG生物合成途径、生化调控和基因工程策略。营养对脂质产生的影响得到了体现。总结了五种基因工程策略，包括增强脂肪酸合成途径、增强肯尼迪途径、调节TAG替代途径、抑制脂质生物合成和脂质分解代谢的竞争途径。并对微藻脂质代谢的研究前景进行了展望。
With the increasingly severe energy and environmental problems, biodiesel from microalgae has become a hot topic. Compared with traditional oil crops, microalgae have advantages of rapid growth, high lipid content, non-occupation of arable land, etc., which have been considered as a highly potential feedstock of biofuels. Although neutral lipids, especially triacylglycerols (TAG) which are the main feedstock of biodiesel production, can be accumulated in many algal cells under stress conditions, little is known about microalgal lipid synthesis and metabolic regulation so far. In order to better understand and manipulate microalgal lipid metabolism for improvement of lipid production, we present an overview of advances of lipid biosynthesis and metabolic regulation in microalgae, including TAG biosynthesis pathway, biochemical regulation and genetic engineering strategies. Effects of nutrition on lipid production are represented. Five genetic engineering strategies are summarized including enhancement of fatty acids synthesis pathway, enhancement of Kennedy pathway, regulation of alternative pathway of TAG, inhibition of competing pathway of lipid biosynthesis and lipid catabolism. The prospects of research on microalgal lipid metabolism are also discussed.