Multi-Scale Remote Sensing of Tornado Effects
Multi-Scale Remote Sensing of Tornado Effects
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DOI：
10.3389/fbuil.2018.00066
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发表时间：
2018-11
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
J. A. Womble;R. Wood;M. Mohammadi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. A. Womble;R. Wood;M. Mohammadi
为了实现基于风险的工程结构设计，以确保龙卷风对生命和财产的安全，需要充分了解龙卷风的风速和气流特征。目前，对龙卷风的强度、频率和速度结构的充分了解仍然难以捉摸。对龙卷风的直接测量是罕见的，几乎不可能获得，而追求现场风速测量可能是不稳定的、危险的，甚至需要开发更安全、更可靠的手段来了解龙卷风的行动。包括卫星、航空、激光雷达和摄影测量平台在内的遥感技术在收集、存储、组织和交流各种地理空间尺度的龙卷风灾害信息方面表现出越来越高的效率。目前的遥感技术使风工程研究人员能够在不同的空间尺度上检查龙卷风对建筑环境的影响，范围从整个路径到社区、建筑，最终到成员和/或连接层。每个空间分辨率都包含一组独特的挑战，包括数据获取和传播的效率、易用性和成本，以及对帮助工程师和大气科学家更好地了解龙卷风风速的知识体系的贡献。本文件审查了在最近的龙卷风调查中在四个尺度上使用遥感技术的情况，展示了在每一级收集和处理数据方面的挑战，以及从每一级收集的信息在促进对龙卷风影响的了解方面的作用。
To achieve risk-based engineered structural designs that provide safety for life and property from tornadoes, sufficient knowledge of tornado wind speeds and wind flow characteristics is needed. Currently, sufficient understanding of the magnitude, frequency, and velocity structure of tornado winds remain elusive. Direct measurements of tornado winds are rare and nearly impossible to acquire, and the pursuit of in situ wind measurements can be precarious, dangerous, and even necessitating the development of safer and more reliable means to understand tornado actions. Remote-sensing technologies including satellite, aerial, lidar, and photogrammetric platforms, have demonstrated an ever-increasing efficiency for collecting, storing, organizing, and communicating tornado hazards information at a multitude of geospatial scales. Current remote-sensing technologies enable wind-engineering researchers to examine tornado effects on the built environment at various spatial scales ranging from the overall path to the neighborhood, building, and ultimately member and/or connection level. Each spatial resolution contains a unique set of challenges for efficiency, ease, and cost of data acquisition and dissemination, as well as contributions to the body of knowledge that help engineers and atmospheric scientists better understand tornado wind speeds. This paper examines the use of remote sensing technologies at four scales in recent tornado investigations, demonstrating the challenges of data collection and processing at each level as well as the utility of the information gleaned from each level in advancing the understanding of tornado effects.