Comparison of emissions and toxicological properties of fine particles from wood and oil boilers in small (20–25 kW) and medium (5–10 MW) scale
Comparison of emissions and toxicological properties of fine particles from wood and oil boilers in small (20–25 kW) and medium (5–10 MW) scale
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.05.014
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发表时间：
2013-10
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
T. Kaivosoja;P. Jalava;H. Lamberg;A. Virén;M. Tapanainen;T. Torvela;U. Tapper;O. Sippula;J. Tissari;R. Hillamo;M. Hirvonen;J. Jokiniemi
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文献类型：
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作者：
T. Kaivosoja;P. Jalava;H. Lamberg;A. Virén;M. Tapanainen;T. Torvela;U. Tapper;O. Sippula;J. Tissari;R. Hillamo;M. Hirvonen;J. Jokiniemi
本研究的目的是比较四种替代方案，提供分散的能源生产在小社区的烟道气排放和毒理学性质的排放。在这项研究中，两种不同大小的锅炉进行了检查，并使用化石燃料油与木材燃料进行了比较。最低的PM1排放量为0.1 mg MJ−1，来自小规模的轻质燃油燃烧。在中等规模的木材燃烧中，没有颗粒过滤的炉排燃烧木材锅炉（10 MW）的PM1排放值最高（264 mg MJ−1），但由于使用静电除尘器（ESP），PM1排放值大幅降低至0.6 mg MJ− 1。木材燃烧颗粒物主要由钾盐组成。在轻质燃料油燃烧中，颗粒中的主要成分之一是硫酸盐，而在重质燃料油燃烧中，还排放出大量的V和Ni。颗粒燃烧产生的多环芳烃排放量最低。总体而言，石油燃烧产生的多环芳烃比木材燃烧。这也表明，当与相应规模的锅炉中的木材燃烧样品相比时，油燃烧样品的细胞毒性更高。然而，当在等质量的基础上计算时，ESP后收集的颗粒具有更大的细胞毒性，这可以通过ESP中排放物的化学特性改变来解释。由于排放物和排放物毒性的变化，我们建议从长远来看，在燃烧设备的排放限值的规定中，不仅应考虑排放水平，而且还应考虑排放物的毒性。
The aim of this study was to compare four alternatives for providing decentralized energy production in small communities in terms of their flue gas emissions and toxicological properties of the emissions. In this study, two different size classes of boilers were examined and the use of fossil fuel oils was compared against wood fuels. The lowest PM1emission, 0.1 mg MJ−1, was observed from small-scale light fuel oil combustion. In medium-scale wood combustion, PM1emission values from a grate fired wood combustion boiler (10 MW) without particulate filtration were the highest (264 mg MJ−1) but were substantially reduced down to 0.6 mg MJ−1due to the usage of an electrostatic precipitator (ESP). The wood combustion particles were mainly formed of potassium salts. In light fuel oil combustion, one of the main components in the particles was sulphate whereas in heavy fuel oil combustion also significant amounts of V and Ni were emitted. Pellet combustion produced the lowest PAH emissions. Overall, oil combustion produced higher amount of PAHs than wood combustion. This was indicated also as a higher cytotoxicity of the oil combustion samples when compared to those from wood combustion in the corresponding scale of boilers. However, when calculated on an equal mass basis, the particles collected after ESP were even more cytotoxic which can be explained by the altered chemical characteristics of the emissions in the ESP. Due to the variation in the emissions and in the toxicity of the emissions, we propose that in the long term, not only the emission levels but also the toxicity of the emissions should be taken into account in the regulations of the emission limits of the combustion plants.