Bottom-contact fisheries disturbance and signs of recovery of precious corals in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and Emperor Seamount Chain
Bottom-contact fisheries disturbance and signs of recovery of precious corals in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and Emperor Seamount Chain
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西北夏威夷群岛和皇帝海山链的海底接触渔业干扰和珍贵珊瑚的恢复迹象
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110010
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Biede, Virginia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baco, Amy R.;Morgan, Nicole B.;Brendan Roark, E.;Biede, Virginia
珊瑚科的深海珍贵珊瑚是夏威夷西北群岛和下皇帝海山链海底300-600米深处的主要底栖巨型动物之一，这些海山上的侧珊瑚和半珊瑚一度十分丰富，足以支持1960年代和1970年代有针对性的珊瑚渔业。在同一时间段内，在同一海隆也出现了大量拖网捕捞长须鲸的活动。由于这两种珊瑚虫的丰度高到足以支持目标渔业20年，它们一定是这些海山上基线群落的关键组成部分。因此，它们是测试深海珊瑚和海山群落大规模扰动的影响和恢复潜力的理想指标物种。我们使用AUV和潜水器，探索了美国专属经济区以外仍在积极进行拖网捕捞的海山、美国专属经济区内历史上曾进行拖网捕捞但自专属经济区建立以来一直受到保护的海山，以及从未进行过拖网捕捞的海山，以确定目标珊瑚物种的种群分布和群体大小。P. secundum在积极拖网捕鱼的海山上只有一个个体，数量很少在大多数恢复期的睡眠中。laauenses存在于“恢复中”和“仍在拖网中”海山的几个区域。H. laauenses在恢复期和仍在拖网捕鱼的海山上的中位大小比从未拖网捕鱼的海山小，而第二代P. secundum在恢复期海山上的中位菌落大小比从未拖网捕鱼的海山稍小。这些结果表明，这两个鱼种在受干扰地区的丰度有所减少，但在受保护的海山中有一些意外的恢复潜力。恢复是不均衡的网站和物种与SE汉考克和科科显示最大的人口H。第二种P. secundum的恢复程度要低得多，其最大种群出现在恢复海山的Bank 11。Kammu是珊瑚渔业的主要海山之一，只观察到一种珊瑚虫。另一个主要目标是Yuryaku，在一个陡峭的斜坡区域有少量的珊瑚虫。这两个仍在拖网捕鱼的海山在目前的捕鱼压力下似乎无法恢复。
Deep-sea precious corals in the octocoral family Coralliidae are among the dominant benthic megafauna at depths of 300–600 m on seamounts of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and lower Emperor Seamount Chain.Pleurocorallium secundumandHemicorallium laauensewere once abundant enough on these seamounts to support a targeted coral fishery in the 1960s and 1970s. Significant trawl finfish fisheries were also occurring in the same time frame on the same seamounts. Because they had high enough abundance to support a targeted fishery for two decades, these two coralliid species must have been a key component of the baseline community on these seamounts. Therefore, they provide an ideal indicator species for testing effects of large-scale disturbance and potential for recovery in deep-sea coral and seamount communities. Using AUVs and submersibles, we explored seamounts outside the US EEZ that are still actively fished by trawl, seamounts within the US EEZ that were historically trawled but have been protected since the establishment of the EEZ, and seamounts that have never been trawled, to determine population distributions and colony sizes for the targeted coral species.P. secundumhad only one individual on actively trawled seamounts and occurred in low abundance on most Recovering seamounts.H. laauensewas present in a few areas in Recovering and Still Trawled seamounts. Colony size distributions forH. laauenseshowed a smaller median size on Recovering and Still Trawled seamounts compared to the Never Trawled sites.P. secundumhad a slightly smaller median colony size on the Recovering Seamounts than on the Never Trawled seamounts. These results indicate a reduction in abundance for both species in disturbed areas with some unexpected potential for recovery on protected seamounts. Recovery was uneven among sites and species with SE Hancock and Koko showing the largest populations ofH. laauenseamong the Recovering and Still Trawled seamounts, respectively.P. secundumshowed much less recovery, with its largest population on Bank 11 in the Recovering seamounts. Kammu, one of the primary seamounts of the coral fishery, had only a single coralliid observed. The other primary target, Yuryaku, had a small number of coralliids in a steeply sloped area. These two Still Trawled seamounts do not appear to be able to recover under the current levels of fishing pressure.
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作者：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
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DOI：
--
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2005
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