The Social Foundations of Law
The Social Foundations of Law
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法律的社会基础
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Fineman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Fineman
美国法律的体系依靠社会契约的修辞和意识形态结构，致力于促进形式上的平等，其中普遍的法律平等地适用于每个人。尽管美国立法者支持政治和公民权利，但他们不愿扩大社会权利，即基本经济或物质社会福利的保障。为了解决当前美国政治和经济组织中普遍存在的不安全和不公平问题，本文建议采用一种实质性平等的制度，这种制度将侧重于结果、公平分配和社会福利的基本保障。可以从以下方面吸取经验教训：采用人权范式的国际规范、在社会机构之间分配依赖责任的社会、美国历史的某些时期以及一些州特别是通过关键的州宪法规定给予肯定权利的判例。
Relying on the rhetorical and ideological construct of the social contract, the American legal system has focused on promoting formal equality, in which universal laws are applied equally to everyone. Although embracing political and civil rights, American lawmakers have been reluctant to expand social rights, guarantees of basic economic or material social goods. To address the widespread insecurity and unfairness of the current American political and economic organization, this Article proposes the adoption of a system of substantive equality that will focus on outcomes, equitable distribution, and basic guarantees of social good. Lessons may be drawn from international norms utilizing a human rights paradigm, societies that have undertaken the process of allocating responsibility for dependency among societal institutions, certain periods of American history, and some states’ jurisprudence granting affirmative rights, especially through key state constitutional provisions.