And on Top of All That... Coping with Ocean Acidification in the Midst of Many Stressors
And on Top of All That... Coping with Ocean Acidification in the Midst of Many Stressors
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DOI：
10.5670/oceanog.2015.31
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Tarrant, Ann M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Breitburg, Denise L.;Salisbury, Joseph;Tarrant, Ann M.
海洋和沿海沃茨正在酸化，这是由于在开阔海洋中以增加大气CO2为主的过程以及在河口和一些沿海沃茨中以营养物为燃料的呼吸为主的过程。酸化的模式和严重程度及其影响，受到与人类活动有关的一系列压力因素的影响，这些压力因素也影响到这些生境。温度、脱氧和食物网的变化是特别重要的共同压力源，因为它们无处不在，它们的原因和影响往往与酸化有机械联系。发展的理论基础，考虑到生理，生态和进化的角度来研究多个压力源是必要的，因为测试所有组合的压力源和压力强度的实验是不可能的。然而，使用各种各样的研究方法是提高对酸化及其影响的认识的一个合乎逻辑和有前途的战略。未来的研究，重点是空间和时间模式的压力相互作用，并确定机制，多个压力影响个人，人口和生态系统是至关重要的。还必须将多重压力因素纳入对酸化的管理、缓解和适应工作，并使公众和政策进一步认识到，必须在可能与酸化相互作用的一系列其他压力因素的背景下应对酸化问题。
Oceanic and coastal waters are acidifying due to processes dominated in the open ocean by increasing atmospheric CO2 and dominated in estuaries and some coastal waters by nutrient-fueled respiration. The patterns and severity of acidification, as well as its effects, are modified by the host of stressors related to human activities that also influence these habitats. Temperature, deoxygenation, and changes in food webs are particularly important co-stressors because they are pervasive, and both their causes and effects are often mechanistically linked to acidification. Development of a theoretical underpinning to multiple stressor research that considers physiological, ecological, and evolutionary perspectives is needed because testing all combinations of stressors and stressor intensities experimentally is impossible. Nevertheless, use of a wide variety of research approaches is a logical and promising strategy for improving understanding of acidification and its effects. Future research that focuses on spatial and temporal patterns of stressor interactions and on identifying mechanisms by which multiple stressors affect individuals, populations, and ecosystems is critical. It is also necessary to incorporate consideration of multiple stressors into management, mitigation, and adaptation to acidification and to increase public and policy recognition of the importance of addressing acidification in the context of the suite of other stressors with which it potentially interacts.