Toxicity of lanthanide coagulants assessed using four in vitro bioassays
Toxicity of lanthanide coagulants assessed using four in vitro bioassays
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149556
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发表时间：
2021-08-16
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Marti, Erica J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kajjumba, George William;Attene-Ramos, Matias;Marti, Erica J.
稀土元素（REE）混凝剂是废水处理厂去除磷的主要竞争者;与典型的混凝剂不同，它们不受pH值的影响。然而，在废水处理中使用稀土元素可能意味着通过废水排放到环境中或通过水再利用增加人类对镧系元素（Ln）的暴露。关于镧系元素毒性的信息很少，即使有，也存在相互矛盾的观点。使用体外生物测定法，我们通过评估四个相关终点来评估镧系元素的毒性：线粒体膜电位（Δ psi m）、细胞内三磷酸腺苷（I-ATP）、遗传毒性和细胞活力的变化。在低于5000 μ mol-Ln（3+）/L时，镧系元素增加Δ psi m，而高于5000 μ mol-Ln（3+）/L时，Δ psi m水平骤降。I-ATP的测量表明，ATP的恒定水平高达250 μ mol-Ln（3+）/L，高于此I-ATP稳定下降;触发一半的细胞变得ATP失活的La，Ce，Gd和Lu的浓度分别为794，1505，1488，1115 μ mol-Ln（3+）/L。虽然La和Lu在较短的研究（24小时）中加速细胞死亡，但使用三个细胞生长周期的慢性研究显示细胞恢复。当浓度低于1000 μ mol-Ln（3+）/L时，镧系元素表现出拮抗毒性。然而，在溶液中引入重稀土元素会放大镧系元素的毒性。测试的镧系元素似乎没有什么风险，这可能为镧系元素在废水处理中的应用铺平道路。(C)2021 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Rare earth element (REE) coagulants are prime contenders in wastewater treatment plants to remove phosphorus; unlike typical coagulants, they are not affected by pH. However, the use of REEs in wastewater treatment could mean increased human exposure to lanthanides (Ln) through wastewater effluent discharge to the environment or through water reuse. Information on the toxicity of lanthanides is scarce and, where available, there are conflicting views. Using in vitro bioassays, we assessed lanthanide toxicity by evaluating four relevant endpoints: the change in mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta psi m), intracellular adenosine triphosphate (I-ATP), genotoxicity, and cell viability. At less than 5000 mu mol-Ln(3+)/L, lanthanides increased the Delta psi m, while above 5000 mu mol-Ln(3+)/L, the Delta psi m level plummeted. The measure of I-ATP indicated constant levels of ATP up to 250 mu mol-Ln(3+)/L, above which the I-ATP decreased steadily; the concentration of La, Ce, Gd, and Lu that triggered half of the cells to become ATP-inactive is 794, 1505, 1488, 1115 mu mol-Ln(3+)/L, respectively. Although La and Lu accelerated cell death in shorter studies (24 h), chronic studies using three cell growth cycles showed cell recovery. Lanthanides exhibited antagonistic toxicity at less than 1000 mu mol-Ln(3+)/L. However, the introduction of heavy REEs in a solution amplified lanthanide toxicity. Tested lanthanides appear to pose little risk, which could pave the way for lanthanide application in wastewater treatment. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.