BRITISH AND IRISH ORCHIDS IN A CHANGING WORLD
BRITISH AND IRISH ORCHIDS IN A CHANGING WORLD
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DOI：
10.1111/curt.12097
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Fay, Michael F.
中科院分区：
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作者：
Fay, Michael F.
英国和爱尔兰的兰花植物群是世界上研究得最好的植物群之一，许多关于这些魅力植物的著作已经出版;值得注意的包括布鲁克和伯恩（1950年）和萨默海斯（1968年）为英国，Sex & Sayers（2004年）和Sayers & Sex（2008年）为爱尔兰和Sell & Murrell（1996年），Foley & Clarke（2005）和Harrap & Harrap（2005）为英国和爱尔兰。最近的记录列出了20属56种兰花（表1），它们原产于或可能原产于“不列颠群岛”（包括大不列颠，爱尔兰，马恩岛和海峡群岛）（贝特曼，2006），其中13属29种在爱尔兰发现（塞耶斯和性，2008）。这些物种可能会增加Ophrys tenthredinifera Willd。（叶蜂兰;图1），因为2014年春天在多塞特郡发现了一株植物，但这是否成为英国植物群的一个确定和确认的成员还有待观察（Chalk，2014）。这一物种在整个地中海地区都有发现（Pedersen & Faurholdt，2007），如果这一新发现被证实是一个自然事件，那么它代表了一个实质性的范围扩展。Chalk（2014）提出，可能由于气候变化，高压系统的增加以及相关的季节性风可能是兰花种子的一种手段，例如O.触手虫、花粉和孢子在北方半球广泛传播，每年可能都会有新物种自然抵达英国和爱尔兰。关于气候变化对世界各地可能产生的影响，人们已经写了很多文章，尽管英国和爱尔兰可能不会受到撒哈拉以南非洲和其他地方可能经历的更极端变化的影响，但英国和爱尔兰预计将经历的相对较小的变化可能会使一些植物物种受益或受损。例如，Kohn（2010）写道，“会有大多数人可能没有意识到的损失，......例如高山植物从斯诺登尼亚的山坡上消失，
The orchid flora of Britain and Ireland is one of the best studied floras anywhere, and many works on these charismatic plants have been published; notable accounts include those by Brooke & Bone (1950) and Summerhayes (1968) for Britain, Sex & Sayers (2004) and Sayers & Sex (2008) for Ireland and Sell & Murrell (1996), Foley & Clarke (2005) and Harrap & Harrap (2005) for Britain and Ireland. Recent accounts list 56 orchid species in 20 genera (Table 1) that are native or possibly native to the ‘British Isles’(including Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands)(Bateman, 2006), of which 29 species in 13 genera are found in Ireland (Sayers & Sex, 2008). To these species may possibly be added Ophrys tenthredinifera Willd.(sawfly orchid; Fig. 1) because a single plant was found in Dorset in spring 2014, but whether this becomes an established and confirmed member of the British flora remains to be seen (Chalk, 2014). This species is found throughout the Mediterranean region (Pedersen & Faurholdt, 2007) and this new finding represents a substantial range expansion if it is confirmed as a natural event.Chalk (2014) suggested that an increase in high pressure systems, possibly due to climate change, and the associated seasonal winds could be a means of seeds of orchids, such as O. tenthredinifera, pollen and spores being transported widely in the Northern Hemisphere, with the probable natural arrival of species new to Britain and Ireland each year. Much has been written about the possible effects of climate change in various parts of the world, and although Britain and Ireland may be sheltered from the more extreme changes likely to be experienced in sub-Saharan Africa and other places, there are likely to be plant species that benefit or suffer from the relatively minor changes that Britain and Ireland are predicted to experience. Kohn (2010) wrote, for example, that ‘there will be losses to which most people may be oblivious,.... such as the disappearance of alpine plants from the slopes of Snowdonia’