THE REVOLUTION IN MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY
THE REVOLUTION IN MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY
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肌肉生理学的革命
DOI：
10.1152/physrev.1932.12.1.56
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发表时间：
1932
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Hill
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Hill
本文所指的革命爆发于1926年12月的最后一天，当时Eggleton和Eggleton（1）向《生物化学杂志》（Biochemical Journal）提交了一篇描述“磷酸原”（phosphagen）的论文，磷酸原是肌肉中有机磷酸盐的一种不稳定形式。在43年的时间里，他们的发现改变了我们对肌肉的化学和能量交换之间关系的看法，这一点许多人都没有完全意识到。新的观点现在或多或少已经稳定下来：毫无疑问，几年后，进一步的发现将导致进一步的剧烈变化：然而，目前，对达到这一点的道路进行概括可能是有益的。现在没有时间，也没有必要，因为大多数生理学家都非常熟悉它，讨论旧的观点，其中来自乳酸形成和去除的能量占据了如此突出的位置。然而，我想敦促那些在这个问题上写作或工作的人不要想象，因为在我们对乳酸和肌肉热力学之间关系的看法中，已经证明了剧烈的变化是必要的，因此，这个观点所基于的大多数旧结果都是错误的。当时并没有发明肌肉收缩的理论，只是描绘了能量和化学物质交换，特别是碳水化合物和乳酸的交换之间的关系。事实上，许多古老的观点实际上是实验事实，幸运的是，否则科学如何进步？即使理论不完善，也有可能做出完美的实验。这种警告并非没有必要：例如，在最近一篇关于人体机械效率的论文中，Simonson和Hebestreit（2）评论说，他们称之为“die Hillschen Vorstellungen iber den isolierten Muskeln”的东西已经被最近的研究完全粉碎，他们得出结论，生理学的所有应用已经被淘汰。
The revolution to which this paper refers broke out on the last day of December, 1926, when Eggleton and Eggleton (1) sent to the Biochemical Journal a paper describing “phosphagen,” a labile form of organic phosphate in muscle. In 43 years their discovery has changed our outlook on the relation between the chemistry and the energy exchanges of muscle to an extent that many do not fully realize. The new standpoint is now more or less stabilized: no doubt in a few years further discoveries will lead to further drastic change: at the moment, however, it may be profitable to make a general of the road by which it was reached. survey of the new position, andThere is no time now, nor is there need since most physiologists are so well acquainted with it, to discuss the older standpoint, in which the energy derived from lactic acid formation and removal occupied so prominent a place. I would, however, urge that those who write, or work, upon this subject should not imagine, because drastic changes have proved necessary in our view of the relation between lactic acid and the thermodynamics of muscle, that therefore most of the older results on which this view was based are wrong. No theory of muscular contraction had been invented: only a picture of the way in which energy and chemical exchanges, particularly of carbohydrate and lactic acid, are related. Much indeed of the older view is really experimental fact, and fortunately-how could science advance otherwise?-it is possible to make perfectly good experiments, even when one’s theory is incomplete. This word of caution is not unnecessary: for example, in a recent paper on the mechanical efficiency of the human body, Simonson and Hebestreit (2) remark that what they are kind enough to call “die Hillschen Vorstellungen iiber den isolierten Muskeln” have been completely shattered by recent research, and they conclude that the bottom has thereby been knocked out of all the applications of the physiology