Potential of Private Autonomous Vehicles for Parcel Delivery
Potential of Private Autonomous Vehicles for Parcel Delivery
复制标题
私人自动驾驶汽车在包裹递送方面的潜力
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Nagel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tilmann Schlenther;Kai Martins;Joschka Bischoff;K. Nagel
在客运和货运中使用相同的车辆，以增加车辆占有率并减少车辆数量，这是一个推动运输规划者的想法，也是制造商正在解决的问题。本文提出了一种模拟这类车辆在城市交通系统中的行为并评估其性能的方法。其目的是调查一家在全市范围内运营的运输服务公司(TSC)退出车队所有权的影响。在模拟中，服务提供商租用私人自动驾驶汽车进行巡演。基于对这类车辆和TSC运行的假设，扩展了多智能体运输仿真软件(MATSim)来模拟车辆和操作员的行为。将所提出的框架应用于柏林一家包裹递送服务的案例研究，该服务为合成包裹需求提供服务。结果表明，由于增加了进出车辆的行程，货运车辆行驶的里程增加了。此外，全天在路上的车辆数量更多。司机成本的降低可以使运营商的成本降低约74.5%。如果服务提供商另外考虑退出车队所有权，可能会将运营成本再降低10%，而不考虑系统转移的成本或车辆不可用等风险。从经济角度来看，减少系统中的整体车辆数量似乎是有益的。
Using the same vehicles for both passenger and freight transport, to increase vehicle occupancy and decrease their number, is an idea that drives transport planners and is also being addressed by manufacturers. This paper proposes a methodology to simulate the behavior of such vehicles within an urban traffic system and evaluate their performance. The aim is to investigate the impacts of resignation from fleet ownership by a transport service company (TSC) operating on a city-wide scale. In the simulation, the service provider hires private autonomous cars for tour performance. Based on assumptions concerning the operation of such vehicles and TSCs, the software Multi-Agent Transport Simulation (MATSim) is extended to model vehicle and operator behavior. The proposed framework is applied to a case study of a parcel delivery service in Berlin serving a synthetic parcel demand. Results suggest that the vehicle miles traveled for freight purposes increase because of additional access and egress trips. Moreover, the number of vehicles en route is higher throughout the day. The lowering of driver costs can reduce the costs of the operator by approximately 74.5%. If the service provider additionally considers the resignation from fleet ownership, it might lower the operation cost by another 10%, not taking into account the costs of system transfer or risks like vehicle non-availability. From an economic perspective, the reduction of the overall number of vehicles in the system seems to be beneficial.