DIURNAL HOST SEEKING OF ADULT PACIFIC COAST TICKS, DERMACENTOR-OCCIDENTALIS (ACARI, IXODIDAE), IN RELATION TO VEGETATIONAL TYPE, METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS, AND RICKETTSIAL INFECTION-RATES IN CALIFORNIA, USA
DIURNAL HOST SEEKING OF ADULT PACIFIC COAST TICKS, DERMACENTOR-OCCIDENTALIS (ACARI, IXODIDAE), IN RELATION TO VEGETATIONAL TYPE, METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS, AND RICKETTSIAL INFECTION-RATES IN CALIFORNIA, USA
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DOI：
10.1093/jmedent/22.5.558
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
BURGDORFER, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LANE, RS;ANDERSON, JR;BURGDORFER, W
1982-1983年，在美国加利福尼亚州门多西诺县，采用标记植被和CO2（干冰）诱捕法，对西部革螨成虫在灌木林和草地上的日寻找寄主活动进行了评价。生态型灌木林的蜱虫数量显著高于南坡灌木林，南坡的蜱虫数量显著高于北坡。蜱没有表现出任何特异性关于乔木植物选择作为探索地点。回归分析表明，温度、相对湿度和太阳辐射，无论是单独的还是联合的，通常不能解释蜱虫数量在白天的总变化。标记表明，成虫聚集在乔柏-草地交错带，在其两侧3 ~ 5 m范围内，成虫数量明显减少。蜱类感染立克次体样生物和立克次体盆栽热组的几率在性别或暴露（朝北与朝南斜坡）方面没有显著差异。对拖拽方法的效率、拖拽大小和对灌木林局部种群的潜在影响的评估表明，拖拽方法是相当有效的，0.46和0.92 m2的拖拽大小产生了可比较的结果，并且每周标记1.5个月并不能持续减少生态灌木林的蜱虫数量。相反，co2诱捕法在灌木林、交错带和草地中捕获的蜱数相对较少（按降序排列），且样本间差异较大。利用co2诱捕器进行的捕集实验表明，林荫林中成虫的有效捕集半径为4 m；在距诱捕器0.5 ~ 4.0 m范围内放生的200只蜱，在诱捕后4 h内捕回30.5%。在距离诱捕器5 ~ 12 m处释放的160只蜱中，12 h内仅捕获4只（2.5%）。
Diurnal host-seeking acivities of Dermacentor occidentalis adults in chaparral and grassland were evaluated by flagging vegetation and with CO2 (dry ice)-baited traps in Mendocino Co., California, USA, in 1982-1983. Ecotonal chaparral yielded significantly more ticks by flagging than did chaparral on south-facing slopes, and tick abundance was higher on south- than on north-facing slopes. Ticks did not exhibit any specificity with regard to chaparral plants selected as questing sites. Regression analyses revealed that temperature,relative humidity, and solar radiation, either singly or in combination, usually did not explain a significant amount of the total daytime variation in tick numbers. Flagging demonstrated that adults were aggregated at the chaparral-grassland ecotone and that their numbers diminished markedly within 3-5 m on either side of it. Tick infection rates with rickettsia-like organisms and potted fever group rickettsiae did not differ significantly by sex or exposure (north- vs. south-facing slopes). An evaluation of the drag method as to efficiency, drag size, and potential impact on localized populations in chaparral revealed that it was reasonably efficient, that drag sizes of 0.46 and 0.92 m2 produced comparable results, and that weekly flagging for 1.5 months did not consistently reduce tick numbers in ecotonal chaparral. In contrast, the CO2-trap method yielded relatively low numbers of ticks in chaparral, ecotone, and grassland (in descending rank), with much variation between samples. Mark-recapture experiments with Co2-baited pitfall traps demonstrated that the effective radius for collecting adults in chaparral was 4 m; 30.5% of 200 ticks released within 0.5-4.0 m of the trap were recovered in 4 h of trapping. Only 4 (2.5%) of 160 ticks released 5-12 m from the trap were recaptured in 12 h of trapping.