Dendritic cells and B cells maximize mucosal Th1 memory response to herpes simplex virus.

Dendritic cells and B cells maximize mucosal Th1 memory response to herpes simplex virus.
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DOI:
10.1084/jem.20082039
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发表时间:
2008-12-22
期刊:
The Journal of experimental medicine
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Iwasaki A
Iwasaki A
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Iijima N;Linehan MM;Zamora M;Butkus D;Dunn R;Kehry MR;Laufer TM;Iwasaki A

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虽然细胞毒性T淋巴细胞和中和抗体对于抗病毒防御的重要性是众所周知的,但是Th 1的抗病毒机制仍然不清楚。我们发现,Th 1细胞介导非细胞溶解性抗病毒保护作用,不依赖于单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)2感染后通过局部分泌IFN-γ直接溶解。IFN-γ作用于基质细胞,但不作用于造血细胞,以防止病毒进一步复制并扩散到整个阴道粘膜。重要的是,与其他已知的Th 1防御机制不同,这种效应子功能不需要通过MHC II类识别病毒感染的细胞。相反,召回Th 1反应引起的MHC II类+抗原呈递细胞在感染部位。树突状细胞(DC)是不需要的,只有部分足以诱导记忆Th 1细胞的回忆反应。重要的是,DC和B细胞一起有助于再刺激记忆性CD 4 T细胞分泌IFN-γ。在缺乏DC和B细胞的情况下,免疫小鼠迅速死于HSV-2感染和死亡。因此,这些结果揭示了一种独特的机制,通过该机制,记忆性Th 1细胞在局部DC和B细胞识别加工的病毒抗原后介导非细胞溶解性IFN-γ依赖性抗病毒保护。
Although the importance of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and neutralizing antibodies for antiviral defense is well known, the antiviral mechanism of Th1 remains unclear. We show that Th1 cells mediate noncytolytic antiviral protection independent of direct lysis through local secretion of IFN-γ after herpes simplex virus (HSV) 2 infection. IFN-γ acted on stromal cells, but not on hematopoietic cells, to prevent further viral replication and spread throughout the vaginal mucosa. Importantly, unlike other known Th1 defense mechanisms, this effector function did not require recognition of virally infected cells via MHC class II. Instead, recall Th1 response was elicited by MHC class II+ antigen-presenting cells at the site of infection. Dendritic cells (DCs) were not required and only partially sufficient to induce a recall response from memory Th1 cells. Importantly, DCs and B cells together contributed to restimulating memory CD4 T cells to secrete IFN-γ. In the absence of both DCs and B cells, immunized mice rapidly succumbed to HSV-2 infection and death. Thus, these results revealed a distinct mechanism by which memory Th1 cells mediate noncytolytic IFN-γ–dependent antiviral protection after recognition of processed viral antigens by local DCs and B cells.
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