Cognitive and anatomical locus of lesion in a patient with a category-specific semantic impairment for living beings
Cognitive and anatomical locus of lesion in a patient with a category-specific semantic impairment for living beings
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DOI：
10.1080/026432996381944
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发表时间：
1996-01-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Silveri, MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gainotti, G;Silveri, MC
这项研究的目的有两个方面，包括：(A)重新评估先前报告的脑炎后患者(LA)表现为生物特定类别损害的认知缺陷的程度和性质；(B)更准确地了解潜在的解剖损害。对LA认知障碍的实验研究得出以下结果：1.即使控制了混杂因素(如词频或刺激熟悉度)的影响，她对生物的类别特异性语义损害仍然存在。然而，她的表现不成比例地受到熟悉因素的影响。受损和幸免语义类别的模式与其他作者观察到的模式非常相似，并被视为‘’活的/不活的‘’二分法存在重要的、系统的例外情况的证据。在“活的”类别中，“身体部位”被选择性地排除在外，而在“非活的”类别中，“食物”和“乐器”受到严重损害。在按定义命名任务和句子验证任务中，相同的刺激分别参照视觉操作信息和功能百科全书信息进行描述，在使用动物和其他生物的视觉感知属性进行识别方面，LA表现出不成比例的缺陷。生物和非生物知识之间的分离不仅限于探索生物刺激的形状的任务(被认为是其结构描述的核心)，而且还延伸到它们的视觉知识的其他方面，如它们的颜色。在声音识别任务中，LA没有表现出通常对生物的选择性损害，因为她对动物的声音和对无生命物体的声音的得分一样低。从解剖学的角度来看，以前的单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎导致的双侧损害既涉及到颞缘结构，也涉及到颞叶下部皮质。对患者LA的选择性认知缺陷与病变部位的可能关系进行了简要讨论。
The goal of this study was two fold and consisted of: (a) reassessing the extent and the nature of the cognitive defect shown by a post-encephalitic patient (LA) previously reported as showing a category-specific impairment for living beings; (b) obtaining a more precise picture of the underlying anatomical lesions. The experimental study of the cognitive disorders of LA has given the following results:1. Her category-specific semantic impairment for living beings still persisted even when the influence of confounding factors (such as word frequency or stimulus familiarity) was controlled. Her performance, however, was disproportionately influenced by familiarity factors.2. The,pattern of impaired and spared semantic categories was very similar to that observed by other authors and taken as proof that the ''living/nonliving'' dichotomy suffers from important, systematic exceptions. Within the ''living'' categories, ''body parts'' were selectively spared, whereas within the ''nonliving'' categories ''food'' and ''musical instruments'' were severely impaired.3. Both on a naming-by-definition task and on a sentence verification task, in which the same stimuli were described with reference once to visuoperceptual and once to functional-encyclopaedic information, LA showed a disproportionate deficit in using the visual perceptual attributes of animals and of other living beings for identification.4. The dissociation between knowledge of living and nonliving beings was not limited to tasks exploring the shape of living stimuli (considered as the core of their structural description) but also extended to other aspects of their visual knowledge, such as their colour.5. On a sound identification task, LA did not show the usual selective impairment for living beings, since she scored as poorly with animals' sounds as with inanimate objects' sounds.From the anatomical point of view, the bilateral lesions resulting from a previous herpes simplex encephalitis involved both the temporo-limbic structures and the inferior temporal cortex. The possible relationships between the selective cognitive defects and the anatomical locus of lesion of patient LA are briefly discussed.