Coevolution of parental investment and sexually selected traits drives sex-role divergence
Coevolution of parental investment and sexually selected traits drives sex-role divergence
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms12517
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Jennions, Michael D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fromhage, Lutz;Jennions, Michael D.
性别角色进化理论试图解释男女差异的起源和方向。一个根本的问题是，为什么异配生殖，即决定性别的配子大小的差异，一再导致随后父母照顾的巨大差异。在这里，我们构建模型，以确认预测，个人受益较少的照顾时，他们面临更强的性选择和/或较低的确定性的亲子关系。然而，我们推翻了广泛引用的说法，即操作性别比和护理机会成本之间的负反馈选择平等的性别角色。我们进一步认为，我们的模型不能预测任何影响的成人性别比（ASR）是独立的ASR变异的来源。最后，为了增加现实性和统一早期的模型，我们允许父母的投资和性选择性状的投资之间的共同进化。我们的模型证实，由于积极的进化反馈，父母投资的初始差异往往会增加，正式支持长期存在的，但未经证实的，口头的论点。
Sex-role evolution theory attempts to explain the origin and direction of male-female differences. A fundamental question is why anisogamy, the difference in gamete size that defines the sexes, has repeatedly led to large differences in subsequent parental care. Here we construct models to confirm predictions that individuals benefit less from caring when they face stronger sexual selection and/or lower certainty of parentage. However, we overturn the widely cited claim that a negative feedback between the operational sex ratio and the opportunity cost of care selects for egalitarian sex roles. We further argue that our model does not predict any effect of the adult sex ratio (ASR) that is independent of the source of ASR variation. Finally, to increase realism and unify earlier models, we allow for coevolution between parental investment and investment in sexually selected traits. Our model confirms that small initial differences in parental investment tend to increase due to positive evolutionary feedback, formally supporting long-standing, but unsubstantiated, verbal arguments.