Influence of Macrosocial Policies on Womens Health and Gender Inequalities in Health
Influence of Macrosocial Policies on Womens Health and Gender Inequalities in Health
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DOI：
10.1093/epirev/mxt002
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
O'Campo, Patricia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Borrell, Carme;Palencia, Laia;O'Campo, Patricia
保健方面的两性不平等现象已被广泛描述，但很少有研究审查保健方面这些不平等现象的上游来源。这项审查的目的是：（1）通过国家间（或一国内部的行政单位）比较，确定评估两性平等政策对保健方面两性不平等或对妇女健康影响的经验性文件;（2）提供关于某一具体政策（育儿假）对妇女健康影响的已公布证据的实例。我们使用几个书目数据库进行了一项涵盖1970年至2012年期间的文献检索。我们评估了1，238篇摘要，并选择了19篇考虑性别平等政策的论文，比较了几个国家或一个国家的不同州，并分析了至少一种女性健康结果或性别之间的比较。为了说明具体的政策效果，我们还选择了评估育儿假与妇女健康之间关系的文章。我们的审查部分支持的假设，北欧社会民主福利制度和双职工家庭模式最好地促进妇女的健康。与此同时，主要在美国各州研究的生殖政策的执行与更好的心理健康结果有关，尽管与其他结果的关系较小。较长的带薪产假通常也与较好的心理健康和较长的母乳喂养时间有关。
Gender inequalities in health have been widely described, but few studies have examined the upstream sources of these inequalities in health. The objectives of this review are 1) to identify empirical papers that assessed the effect of gender equality policies on gender inequalities in health or on womens health by using between-country (or administrative units within a country) comparisons and 2) to provide an example of published evidence on the effects of a specific policy (parental leave) on womens health. We conducted a literature search covering the period from 1970 to 2012, using several bibliographical databases. We assessed 1,238 abstracts and selected 19 papers that considered gender equality policies, compared several countries or different states in 1 country, and analyzed at least 1 health outcome among women or compared between genders. To illustrate specific policy effects, we also selected articles that assessed associations between parental leave and womens health. Our review partially supports the hypothesis that Nordic social democratic welfare regimes and dual-earner family models best promote womens health. Meanwhile, enforcement of reproductive policies, mainly studied across US states, is associated with better mental health outcomes, although less with other outcomes. Longer paid maternity leave was also generally associated with better mental health and longer duration of breastfeeding.