Steganalysis of Embedding in Two Least-Significant Bits
Steganalysis of Embedding in Two Least-Significant Bits
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DOI：
10.1109/tifs.2006.890519
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发表时间：
2007-03
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Andrew D. Ker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andrew D. Ker
本文提出了隐写分析方法，用于将最低有效位（LSB）覆盖扩展到数字图像中两个最低位平面：有两种不同的嵌入范例。作者研究了如何使标准 LSB 替换的检测器适应这种嵌入，以及如何扩展和应用“结构隐写分析”方法（为标准 LSB 替换提供最灵敏的检测器）来为两位平面隐写术制作更灵敏的专用检测器。该文献仅包含另一种专门用于检测替换多个位的检测器，并且此处介绍的检测器更加灵敏。作者还将标准 LSB 嵌入与在较低两个位平面中嵌入的两种方法的可检测性进行了比较：尽管从隐写者的角度来看，新型检测器具有较高的准确度，但经验结果表明，在两个最低位平面中嵌入比在一个最低位平面中嵌入更可取（在某些情况下，非常可取）。
This paper proposes steganalysis methods for extensions of least-significant bit (LSB) overwriting to both of the two lowest bit planes in digital images: there are two distinct embedding paradigms. The author investigates how detectors for standard LSB replacement can be adapted to such embedding, and how the methods of "structural steganalysis", which gives the most sensitive detectors for standard LSB replacement, may be extended and applied to make more sensitive purpose-built detectors for two bit plane steganography. The literature contains only one other detector specialized to detect replacement multiple bits, and those presented here are substantially more sensitive. The author also compares the detectability of standard LSB embedding with the two methods of embedding in the lower two bit planes: although the novel detectors have a high accuracy from the steganographer's point of view, the empirical results indicate that embedding in the two lowest bit planes is preferable (in some cases, highly preferable) to embedding in one