Vitamin D and the epidemiology of prostate cancer.
Vitamin D and the epidemiology of prostate cancer.
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维生素 D 和前列腺癌的流行病学。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1525-139x.2005.18403.x
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schwartz,GaryG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Schwartz,GaryG
非裔美国人的前列腺癌死亡率明显高于白种人，并且与紫外线辐射的可得性呈负相关。这些发现支持了最初于1990年提出的假设，即前列腺癌可能是由维生素D缺乏引起的。1992年，在人前列腺细胞中发现了1,25 -二羟基维生素D [1,25(OH)2D]的特异性受体。我们和其他人已经证明，125 (OH)2D对这些细胞具有促分化、抗增殖和抗转移作用。1998年，我们证明了正常的前列腺细胞表达1α‐羟化酶并合成它们自己的1,25(OH)2D。因此，1,25(OH)2D在前列腺中是一种自分泌激素。从分析流行病学研究中得出的共识是，低水平的紫外线辐射/维生素D确实与个体男性患前列腺癌的风险增加有关。我们对维生素D在前列腺癌流行病学中的作用的理解的演变与我们对维生素D在佝偻病流行病学中的作用的理解是相似的。在这两种疾病中，有关紫外线辐射的生态观察先于实验观察，并随后由实验观察证实。
Mortality rates from prostate cancer are significantly higher among African Americans than Caucasian Americans and are inversely related to the availability of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. These findings support the hypothesis, originally proposed in 1990, that prostate cancer may be caused by vitamin D deficiency. In 1992, specific receptors for 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] were demonstrated in human prostate cells. We and others have shown that 1,25(OH)2D exerts prodifferentiating, antiproliferative, and antimetastatic effects on these cells. In 1998 we demonstrated that normal prostate cells express 1α‐hydroxylase and synthesize their own 1,25(OH)2D. Thus, 1,25(OH)2D is an autocrine hormone in the prostate. The consensus emerging from analytic epidemiologic studies is that low levels of UV radiation/vitamin D are indeed associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer in individual men. The evolution of our understanding of the role of vitamin D in the epidemiology of prostate cancer parallels our understanding of the role of vitamin D in the epidemiology of rickets. In both diseases, ecologic observations about UV radiation preceded experimental observations and were subsequently validated by them.