Assessment of airborne virus contamination in wastewater treatment plants
Assessment of airborne virus contamination in wastewater treatment plants
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2014.06.002
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Oppliger, Anne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Masclaux, Frederic G.;Hotz, Philipp;Oppliger, Anne
引言：污水处理厂（WWTP）中生物气溶胶的职业暴露及其对工人健康的影响已被充分记录。大多数研究致力于计数和识别可培养的细菌和真菌，以及测量空气中内毒素的浓度，因为这些是污水处理厂中发现的主要健康相关因素。令人惊讶的是，很少有研究调查空气传播的病毒在VVWTP的存在和浓度。然而，许多肠道病毒存在于废水中，并且由于它们的小尺寸，它们应该成为气溶胶。特别是诺如病毒和腺病毒这两种病毒分布极为广泛，是世界各地报告的传染性胃肠道疾病的主要原因。目的和方法：本研究的目的是检测和定量3种不同病毒的存在和浓度采用定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）技术，对31个污水处理厂空气中的腺病毒、诺如病毒和戊型肝炎病毒进行了两个不同季节和连续两年的检测。腺病毒存在于100%的夏季污水处理厂样品和97%的冬季样品。测得的最高空气浓度为227 x 106基因组当量/立方米，平均而言，夏季高于冬季。诺如病毒被检测到的123个空气样本中只有3个，戊型肝炎病毒没有检测到。结论：污水处理厂的空气中的潜在致病病毒颗粒的浓度是不可忽视的，可以部分解释工作相关的胃肠道症状，经常报告在这个部门的员工。(C)2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Introduction: Occupational exposure to bioaerosols in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and its consequence on workers' health are well documented. Most studies were devoted to enumerating and identifying cultivable bacteria and fungi, as well as measuring concentrations of airborne endotoxins, as these are the main health-related factors found in WWTP. Surprisingly, very few studies have investigated the presence and concentrations of airborne virus in VVWTP. However, many enteric viruses are present in wastewater and, due to their small size, they should become aerosolized. Two in particular, the norovirus and the adenovirus, are extremely widespread and are the major causes of infectious gastrointestinal diseases reported around the world. The third one, hepatitis E virus, has an emerging status.Goal and methods: This study's objectives were to detect and quantify the presence and concentrations of 3 different viruses (adenovirus, norovirus and the hepatitis E virus) in air samples from 31 WWTPs by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) during two different seasons and two consecutive years.Results: Adenovirus was present in 100% of summer WWTP samples and 97% of winter samples. The highest airborne concentration measured was 227 x 106 genome equivalent/m(3) and, on average, these were higher in summer than in winter. Norovirus was detected in only 3 of the 123 air samples, and the hepatitis E virus was not detected.Conclusions: Concentrations of potentially pathogenic viral particles in WWTP air are non-negligible and could partly explain the work-related gastrointestinal symptoms often reported in employees in this sector. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.