Biological clocks: their relevance to immune-allergic diseases.
Biological clocks: their relevance to immune-allergic diseases.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12948-018-0080-0
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Di Gioacchino M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Paganelli R;Petrarca C;Di Gioacchino M
2017年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，授予过去15年在调节许多生理功能的遗传和分子机制方面的发现，重新引起了人们对昼夜节律重要性的关注。这些细胞起源于大脑视交叉上核的中央起搏器，通过与含有黑素的视网膜神经节细胞的直接连接进行光诱导，并投射到外围，从而创造出内在的昼夜节律。它调节几种活动，包括睡眠、进食时间、能量代谢、内分泌和免疫功能。这些节律的紊乱，主要是唤醒/睡眠、激素分泌和进食，会导致生活质量下降，并参与肥胖、代谢综合征和神经精神障碍的发展。大多数免疫学功能，包括白细胞数量、活性和细胞因子分泌，都经历了昼夜变化，这可能会影响感染的易感性。在许多免疫性和过敏性疾病中，症状的强度和疾病的严重性显示出24小时的模式，包括类风湿性关节炎、支气管哮喘、特应性湿疹和慢性荨麻疹。伴随而来的是睡眠时间和质量的改变，这是生活质量的一个主要决定因素。倒班工作和穿越时区的旅行以及人造光扰乱了昼夜节律，对健康构成了新的威胁。最后，时间药理学领域使用这些概念来与生物节律同步地输送药物。
The 2017 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, awarded for the discoveries made in the past 15 years on the genetic and molecular mechanisms regulating many physiological functions, has renewed the attention to the importance of circadian rhythms. These originate from a central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain, photoentrained via direct connection with melanopsin containing, intrinsically light-sensitive retinal ganglion cells, and it projects to periphery, thus creating an inner circadian rhythm. This regulates several activities, including sleep, feeding times, energy metabolism, endocrine and immune functions. Disturbances of these rhythms, mainly of wake/sleep, hormonal secretion and feeding, cause decrease in quality of life, as well as being involved in development of obesity, metabolic syndrome and neuropsychiatric disorders. Most immunological functions, from leukocyte numbers, activity and cytokine secretion undergo circadian variations, which might affect susceptibility to infections. The intensity of symptoms and disease severity show a 24 h pattern in many immunological and allergic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, bronchial asthma, atopic eczema and chronic urticaria. This is accompanied by altered sleep duration and quality, a major determinant of quality of life. Shift work and travel through time zones as well as artificial light pose new health threats by disrupting the circadian rhythms. Finally, the field of chronopharmacology uses these concepts for delivering drugs in synchrony with biological rhythms.