The effect of background color on asymmetries in color search.
The effect of background color on asymmetries in color search.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1167/4.3.9
复制
发表时间：
2004-03
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
R. Rosenholtz;A. Nagy;Nicole R Bell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Rosenholtz;A. Nagy;Nicole R Bell
许多先前的研究表明，背景颜色影响颜色刺激的可辨别性和外观。然而，视觉搜索的研究通常没有考虑背景可能发挥的作用。Rosenholtz （2001a）认为，颜色搜索的不对称是由刺激物和背景之间的关系造成的。在这里，我们测试了背景颜色应该对基于颜色的视觉搜索的不对称性有影响的假设，使用在不同颜色的背景上搜索颜色刺激。观察者在同质的干扰刺激中寻找单一已知的目标刺激。目标刺激物与干扰物仅在色度上不同，而目标刺激物与干扰物在亮度上与背景不同，因此无论色度如何，它们都很容易被看到。目标/干扰物对主要在饱和度（实验1、2和3）或色调（实验4）上存在差异。在消色差和红色背景下，每对颜色的每一个成员分别作为目标色和干扰色。当刺激物在消色差背景下呈现时，当每对颜色中饱和度更高的成员作为目标颜色时，反应时间更短。当同样的刺激出现在红色背景上时，这种不对称性要么被逆转，要么被消除。当目标和干扰物的色相不同时，消色差背景下的不对称性较小，但在红色背景下，某些颜色对的不对称性较大。在两种背景下，不对称的程度随刺激颜色和背景颜色的不同而变化。结果证实，颜色搜索的不对称性取决于刺激颜色和背景颜色之间的关系。两种候选模型在预测这些实验结果方面显示出希望：Rosenholtz的显著性模型（1999,2001）和对信号检测理论模型的修改，其中观察噪声与目标/干扰物颜色和背景颜色之间的差异成正比。
Many previous studies have shown that background color affects the discriminability and appearance of color stimuli. However, research on visual search has not typically considered the role that the background may play. Rosenholtz (2001a) has suggested that color search asymmetries result from the relationship between the stimuli and the background. Here we test the hypothesis that background color should have an effect on asymmetries in visual search based on color, using searches for color stimuli on different colored backgrounds. Observers searched for a single known target stimulus among homogeneous distractor stimuli. The target stimulus differed from the distractors only in chromaticity, but targets and distractors both differed from the backgrounds in luminance so that they were easily visible regardless of chromaticity. Target/distractor pairs differed primarily in saturation (Experiments 1, 2, & 3) or in hue (Experiment 4). Each member of each pair of colors served as target and distractor color on both achromatic and red backgrounds. When the stimuli were presented on an achromatic background, response times were shorter when the more saturated member of each pair of colors served as the target color. When the same stimuli were presented on a red background, the asymmetry was either reversed or abolished. When target and distractors differed in hue, there was little asymmetry on the achromatic background but a sizable asymmetry for some color pairs on the red background. On both backgrounds, the magnitude of the asymmetry varied with the difference between the stimulus colors and the background color. Results confirm that asymmetries in color search are dependent on the relationship between the stimulus colors and the background color. Two candidate models are suggested that show promise in predicting these experimental results: Rosenholtz' saliency model (1999, 2001a) and a modification to signal detection theory models in which the observation noise is proportional to the difference between target/distractor color and background color.