Vibration Sensitivity in the Statocyst of the Northern Octopus, Eledone Cirrosa
Vibration Sensitivity in the Statocyst of the Northern Octopus, Eledone Cirrosa
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北方章鱼 Eledone Cirrosa 静囊中的振动敏感性
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发表时间：
1988
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通讯作者：
R. Williamson
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作者：
R. Williamson
最近，关于头足类动物是否有听觉的问题在文献中再次受到关注（Moynihan, 1985; Hanlon & Budelmann, 1987）。然而，生理数据的缺乏（Maturana & Sperling, 1963；另见Budelmann， 1977）意味着，无论是那些认为头足类是聋人的人（Moynihan, 1985），还是那些持相反观点的人（Hanlon & Budelmann, 1987），几乎都完全依赖于形态学和行为学证据。不幸的是，形态学证据不能成为结论性的，一些行为实验表明头足类动物对声音没有反应（Hubbard, 1960），尽管这与其他观察结果相矛盾（Maniwa, 1976）。章鱼的静细胞已被证明是重力和角加速度的探测系统（Budelmann & Wolff, 1973; Williamson & Budelmann, 1985），正如Young（1960）指出的那样，这个器官也可以作为振动或声音的探测器，其方式类似于脊椎动物前庭系统的振动/声音灵敏度（有关回顾，请参阅Hawkins & Myrberg， 1983）。下面的实验是为了验证这个假设。完整的静泡，仍然完全嵌入软骨，从章鱼，Eledone citrosa，取出，并放置在一个小浴缸安装在振动系统。浴槽由一个功能发生器驱动的电磁振动器（Derritron型vp .2）振动，该功能发生器可提供300毫秒的脉冲刺激，上升和衰减时间为50毫秒。振动是正弦的，在10-200赫兹的范围内，粒子速度为1到5xlO/^ms。刺激由微型检波器（Sensor Nederland）监测。静泡被安装在浴缸的直立位置（见Messenger， 1967），这样振动是在前后方向。静泡的反应是通过吸电极从静泡嵴神经的切割端记录下来的，在它从软骨进入颅腔的地方；该神经由前嵴神经和内侧嵴神经组成。也曾尝试从黄斑神经进行记录，但均未成功。图1显示了刺激和得到的反应的一个代表性例子。这里可以看到两个单位，它们都没有自发活动
The question of whether cephalopods have a sense of hearing has recently received renewed attention in the literature (Moynihan, 1985; Hanlon & Budelmann, 1987). However, the scarcity of physiological data (Maturana & Sperling, 1963; see also Budelmann, 1977) has meant that both those taking the view that cephalopods are deaf (Moynihan, 1985) and those of the opposing view (Hanlon & Budelmann, 1987) have relied almost entirely on morphological and behavioural evidence. Unfortunately, the morphological evidence cannot be conclusive and some behavioural experiments indicate no reaction to sound by cephalopods (Hubbard, 1960), although this is contradicted by other observations (Maniwa, 1976). The statocyst in octopus has been shown to be a detector system for gravity and angular acceleration (Budelmann & Wolff, 1973; Williamson & Budelmann, 1985) and, as pointed out by Young (1960), this organ could also serve as a vibration or sound detector in a way analogous to the vibration/sound sensitivity of the vertebrate vestibular system (for a review see Hawkins & Myrberg, 1983). The following experiments were undertaken to test this hypothesis. Intact statocysts, still entirely embedded in cartilage, were removed from the octopus, Eledone citrosa, and placed in a small bath mounted on a vibrator system. The bath was vibrated by an electromagnetic vibrator (Derritron type V.P.2) driven by a function generator programmed to provide 300 ms bursts of stimuli with 50 ms rise and decay times. The vibrations were sinusoidal, within the range 10—200 Hz and with particle velocities of 1 to 5xlO/^ms. The stimuli were monitored by a miniature geophone (Sensor Nederland). The statocyst was mounted in the upright position in the bath (see Messenger, 1967) such that the vibrations were in the anterior-posterior direction. The responses from the statocyst were obtained by a suction electrode recording from the cut end of the statocyst crista nerve at the point where it emerges from the cartilage to enter the brain cavity; this nerve is composed of the anterior and medial crista nerves. Attempts were also made to record from the macula nerve but these proved unsuccessful. A representative example of a stimulus and the response obtained is shown in Fig. 1. Here two units, neither of which showed spontaneous activity, can be seen