Esophageal cancer among black men in Washington, D.C. II. Role of nutrition.
Esophageal cancer among black men in Washington, D.C. II. Role of nutrition.
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华盛顿特区黑人男性食道癌 II。
DOI：
10.1093/jnci/67.6.1199
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Fraumeni
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Ziegler;L. E. Morris;W. Blot;L. Pottern;R. Hoover;J. Fraumeni
在华盛顿，华盛顿特区的黑人男性居民中进行了一项食管癌病例对照研究，找出这一人群中异常高风险的原因。对1975-77年期间死亡的120例食管癌病例和250例死于其他原因的哥伦比亚特区黑人男性的近亲进行了采访。一般营养状况的五项指标--新鲜或冷冻肉类和鱼类消费量、乳制品和鸡蛋消费量、水果和蔬菜消费量、相对体重（重量/ht 2）和每天吃饭次数--均与食道癌的相对风险呈显着负相关。与其他食物组的关联并不明显。研究人群中营养最差的三分之一，由这五项指标中的任何一项定义，其风险是营养最好的三分之一的两倍。通过控制乙醇消费，这些关联都没有明显减少，这是该人群的另一个主要风险因素;吸烟;社会经济地位;或其他营养措施。当这三种食物组的消费措施结合成一个单一的总体指数的一般营养状况，食管癌的相对风险之间的极端是14。维生素A、胡萝卜素、维生素C、硫胺素和核黄素的摄入量估计值与相对风险呈负相关;但每种微量营养素指数与风险的相关性低于提供大多数微量营养素的广泛食物组。因此，未发现特定的微量营养素缺乏症。相反，普遍营养不良是风险的主要饮食预测因素，并可能部分解释城市黑人男性食管癌的易感性。
A case-control study of esophageal cancer was conducted among the black male residents of Washington, D.C., to find reasons for the exceptionally high risk in this population. The next of kin of 120 esophageal cancer cases who died during 1975-77 and of 250 D.C. black males who died of other causes were interviewed. Five indicators of general nutritional status--fresh or frozen meat and fish consumption, dairy product and egg consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, relative weight (wt/ht2), and number of meals eaten per day--were each significantly and inversely correlated with the relative risk of esophageal cancer. Associations with other food groups were not apparent. The least nourished third of the study population, defined by any of these five measures, was at twice the risk of the most nourished third. None of these associations was markedly reduced by controlling for ethanol consumption, the other major risk factor in this population; smoking; socioeconomic status; or the other nutrition measures. When the three food group consumption measures were combined into a single overall index of general nutritional status, the relative risk of esophageal cancer between extremes was 14. Estimates of the intake of vitamin A, carotene, vitamin C, thiamin, and riboflavin were inversely associated with relative risk; but each micronutrient index was less strongly associated with risk than were the broad food groups that provide most of the micronutrient. Thus no specific micronutrient deficiency was identified. Instead, generally poor nutrition was the major dietary predictor of risk and may partially explain the susceptibility of urban black men to esophageal cancer.