Self-control, future orientation, smoking, and the impact of Dutch tobacco control measures.
Self-control, future orientation, smoking, and the impact of Dutch tobacco control measures.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.abrep.2015.07.002
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Baumeister RF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daly M;Delaney L;Baumeister RF
吸烟者的戒烟意图和吸烟行为之间的明显差异使得研究人员认为，许多吸烟者的时间不一致，存在自我控制问题，并且可能会受益于限制吸烟的外部努力。本研究旨在测试自我控制和未来导向是否可以预测吸烟水平，并确定这些特征是否会改变卷烟消费对烟草控制措施引入的反应。荷兰成年人样本（N = 1585）在 2001 年完成了自我控制测量和考虑未来后果量表（CFCS），并表明了他们从 2001 年到 2007 年每年的烟草消费量。2004 年，荷兰实行了工作场所吸烟禁令并大幅提高烟草税。为了确定这些烟草控制措施的潜在影响，我们从 2001 年到 2007 年每年检查参与者是否吸烟或是否是重度吸烟者（每天 20 支以上）。自我控制力和 CFCS 分数较高的参与者在研究的七年期间表现出较低的吸烟率。 2004 年的吸烟限制与随后重度吸烟人数的下降有关。这种下降受到自我控制水平的缓和。自我控制力低的人的重度吸烟量大幅减少，而自我控制力高的人则没有。然而，这种影响是暂时的：许多自控能力差的人在烟草限制实施 2-3 年后重新开始大量吸烟。国家烟草控制措施给吸烟者带来的直接成本可能会帮助自我控制能力较差的吸烟者减少卷烟消费。显示自我控制和面向未来的成年人当前吸烟率较低 将 2004 年荷兰主要烟草控制措施与减少大量吸烟联系起来 证明对于自我控制能力较差的人来说，大量吸烟的减少效果最大
The pronounced discrepancy between smokers' intentions to quit and their smoking behavior has led researchers to suggest that many smokers are time inconsistent, have self-control problems, and may benefit from external efforts to constrain their consumption. This study aims to test whether self-control and future orientation predict smoking levels and to identify if these traits modify how cigarette consumption responds to the introduction of tobacco control measures. A sample of Dutch adults (N = 1585) completed a measure of self-control and the Consideration of Future Consequences Scale (CFCS) in 2001 and indicated their tobacco consumption each year from 2001 to 2007. In 2004, a workplace smoking ban and substantial tax increase on tobacco was introduced in the Netherlands. To identify the potential impact of these tobacco control measures we examined whether participants smoked or were heavy smokers (20 + cigarettes per day) each year from 2001 to 2007. Participants with high self-control and CFCS scores showed lower rates of smoking across the seven year period of the study. The 2004 smoking restrictions were linked with a subsequent decline in heavy smoking. This decline was moderated by self-control levels. Those with low self-control showed a large reduction in heavy smoking whereas those with high self-control did not. The effects were, however, temporary: many people with low self-control resumed heavy smoking 2–3 years after the introduction of the tobacco restrictions. The immediate costs which national tobacco control measures impose on smokers may assist smokers with poor self-control in reducing their cigarette consumption. Shows that self-controlled and future orientated adults have a low rate of current smoking Links major 2004 Dutch tobacco control measures to a reduction in heavy smoking Demonstrates that this reduction in heavy smoking was greatest for the less self-controlled