Reducing prospective memory error and costs in simulated air traffic control: External aids, extending practice, and removing perceived memory requirements.
Reducing prospective memory error and costs in simulated air traffic control: External aids, extending practice, and removing perceived memory requirements.
复制标题
减少模拟空中交通管制中的预期记忆错误和成本：外部辅助、扩展练习和消除感知记忆要求。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rebekah E. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Loft;M. Chapman;Rebekah E. Smith
在空中交通管制（ATC）中，忘记执行延迟动作-前瞻性记忆（PM）错误-可能会产生严重的后果。PM需求也会干扰正在进行的任务（成本）。我们研究了在何种程度上减少PM错误和成本在模拟ATC提供扩展的做法，或通过提供外部援助与扩展的做法相结合，或通过提供外部援助与指令相结合，删除感知记忆的要求。参与者接受/移交飞机并发现冲突。对于PM任务，要求参与者在接受飞机时用替代行动代替常规行动。在实验1中，当没有提供辅助工具时，PM错误和成本没有通过实践减少。当提供援助时，早期在实践中观察到的成本随着实践而消除，但残留的PM错误仍然存在。实验2提供了更有限的实践与艾滋病，但没有框架的PM任务作为一个“记忆”任务的指示导致高PM准确性没有成本。注意力分配政策，参与者设置的基础上预期PM的需求进行了修改，个人越来越多地接触到可靠的援助，或给予指示，删除感知记忆的要求。这些研究结果的设计艾滋病监测多项动态显示的个人的影响。（PsycINFO数据库记录
In air traffic control (ATC), forgetting to perform deferred actions-prospective memory (PM) errors-can have severe consequences. PM demands can also interfere with ongoing tasks (costs). We examined the extent to which PM errors and costs were reduced in simulated ATC by providing extended practice, or by providing external aids combined with extended practice, or by providing external aids combined with instructions that removed perceived memory requirements. Participants accepted/handed-off aircraft and detected conflicts. For the PM task, participants were required to substitute alternative actions for routine actions when accepting aircraft. In Experiment 1, when no aids were provided, PM errors and costs were not reduced by practice. When aids were provided, costs observed early in practice were eliminated with practice, but residual PM errors remained. Experiment 2 provided more limited practice with aids, but instructions that did not frame the PM task as a "memory" task led to high PM accuracy without costs. Attention-allocation policies that participants set based on expected PM demands were modified as individuals were increasingly exposed to reliable aids, or were given instructions that removed perceived memory requirements. These findings have implications for the design of aids for individuals who monitor multi-item dynamic displays. (PsycINFO Database Record