DINKs, DEWKs & Co. Marriage, Fertility and Childlessness in the United States
DINKs, DEWKs & Co. Marriage, Fertility and Childlessness in the United States
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丁克人、露克人
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
David de la Croix
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作者：
T. Baudin;David de la Croix
在可能的生活方式中，DINK（“双收入无子女”）是选择无子女的夫妇，而DEWK（“有孩子的双重就业”）是有孩子的夫妇。我们发展了一个关于婚姻和父母身份决定的理论，在这个理论中，我们区分了生孩子的选择和孩子数量的选择。该模型的深层参数是从1990年美国人口普查中确定的。定量模型使我们能够从数据中衡量自愿和非自愿无子女的情况，并理解（1）为什么单身妇女比已婚妇女更有可能无子女，但当母亲时，她们的生育率接近已婚母亲;（2）为什么单身妇女和已婚妇女的无子女率与教育呈U形关系;以及（3）为什么结婚率和教育水平之间存在驼峰形关系。我们展示了随着时间的推移，教育水平的提高和工资不平等以及性别工资差距的缩小，家庭模式是如何形成的。
Among possible lifestyles, the DINKs (“double income no kids”) are couples choosing to be childless, while the DEWKs (“dually employed with kids”) are couples with children. We develop a theory of marriage and parenthood decisions, where we distinguish the choice to have children from the choice of the number of children. The deep parameters of the model are identified from the 1990 US Census. The quantitative model allows us to measure voluntary and involuntary childlessness from the data, and to understand (1) why single women are more likely to be childless than married women but, when mothers, their fertility is close to that of married mothers; (2) why childlessness exhibits a U-shaped relationship with education for both single and married women; and (3) why there is a hump-shaped relationship between marriage rates and education levels. We show how family patterns have been shaped over time by the rise in education levels and wage inequality, and by the shrinking gender wage gap.