Temporal weights in loudness: Investigation of the effects of background noise and sound level
Temporal weights in loudness: Investigation of the effects of background noise and sound level
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0223075
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发表时间：
2019-11-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Oberfeld, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fischenich, Alexander;Hots, Jan;Oberfeld, Daniel
先前的研究一致表明，对于强度随时间变化的声音，声音的开头比后面的部分对响度的感知更重要（首因效应）。然而，在之前的所有研究中，目标声音都是安静的，并且在固定的平均声级下呈现的。在本研究中，在连续带通滤波背景噪声存在的情况下，研究了时变窄带噪声的时间响度权重，目标刺激的平均声级在60 dB范围内变化。在所有条件下都观察到明显的首因效应，在安静和背景噪声条件下观察到的时间权重之间没有显著差异。在背景噪声条件下，声级对权重模式的影响显著，这主要是由于在平均声级较低的条件下，声音结束时权重有轻微增加的趋势（“近因效应”）。在安静条件下没有观察到这种影响。综上所述，所观察到的首因效应在很大程度上与掩蔽和声级无关。与这一结论相一致的是，在安静和背景噪声中观察到的首要效应可以用基于先前研究的参数的指数衰减函数来很好地描述。利用时变声音在背景噪声中的部分响度模型进行仿真，结果表明该模型不能预测观测到的时间响度权重。
Previous research has consistently shown that for sounds varying in intensity over time, the beginning of the sound is of higher importance for the perception of loudness than later parts (primacy effect). However, in all previous studies, the target sounds were presented in quiet, and at a fixed average sound level. In the present study, temporal loudness weights for a time-varying narrowband noise were investigated in the presence of a continuous bandpass-filtered background noise and the average sound levels of the target stimuli were varied across a range of 60 dB. Pronounced primacy effects were observed in all conditions and there were no significant differences between the temporal weights observed in the conditions in quiet and in background noise. Within the conditions in background noise, there was a significant effect of the sound level on the pattern of weights, which was mainly caused by a slight trend for increased weights at the end of the sounds ("recency effect") in the condition with lower average level. No such effect was observed for the in-quiet conditions. Taken together, the observed primacy effect is largely independent of masking as well as of sound level. Compatible with this conclusion, the observed primacy effects in quiet and in background noise can be well described by an exponential decay function using parameters based on previous studies. Simulations using a model for the partial loudness of timevarying sounds in background noise showed that the model does not predict the observed temporal loudness weights.